2Nursing Tutor, Saraswati Nursing Institute, Dhainpura, Roop Nagar.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: anjaliposwal50@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of play activities on anxiety during therapeutic interventions among hospitalized children at selected hospitals of Mohali, Punjab. To assess and compare the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge on anxiety among hospitalized children. To find out the association between the post-test on anxiety among hospitalized children with their selected socio-demographic variables. After approval of the ethical committee, Pilot study was conducted on the 06 subjects. After pilot study reliability of tool was assessed and tool was found reliable and the study was found to be feasible. Prior to data collection permission was obtained from medical superintendent of selected hospital and purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 study subjects of selected Hospital of Mohali, Punjab. The data was analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives of the study. The descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized for the data analysis. Result of the present study shows the descriptive and inferential statistics that in experimental group pre-test (90%) had moderate level of anxiety. Whereas in control group pre-test (93%) had moderate level of anxiety. Whereas less than half of the hospitalized children (43.3%) in experimental group had mild anxiety after administration of play therapy and (40%) had moderate level of anxiety whereas most of the hospitalized children (80%) in comparison group had moderate anxiety after administration of play therapy. Therefore, it indicated that play activity was effective method to reduce anxiety in hospitalized children. In experimental group pre-test (90%) had moderate level of anxiety. Whereas in control group pre-test (93%) had moderate level of anxiety. Whereas less than half of the hospitalized children (43.3%) in experimental group had mild anxiety after administration of play therapy and (40%) had moderate level of anxiety whereas most of the hospitalized children (80%) in comparison group had moderate anxiety after administration of play therapy. The study concluded that children were anxious in the pre-test and were as in the post-test shows that children anxiety was very less. Hence it indicated that play activities were effective method to reduce the anxiety.
KEYWORDS: Play Activities, Anxiety, Hospitalization, Therapeutic Intervention, Growth And Development, Effectiveness.
INTRODUCTION:
“Play is often talked about as if it were a relief from serious learning. But for children, play is a serious learning”.
Mr. Rozer
Hospitalization is stressful for children of all ages. During a serious illness, even older children have a great need for their parents and can tolerate their absence only for short periods. They need to know that their parents will be there when they need them most and that they are loved and missed. Hospitalization constitutes an unpleasant experience for children, who suddenly have to leave the familiar place of their home and the persons who are important for them, and stop their favorite activities, including play.1
Play is an essential part of a child's life and is an important aspect in fostering growth and development. Toys are the “tools” of play and provide a more “natural” environment for a child. The proper selection and use of toys can reduce the traumatic effects of a hospitalization experiences and aid in the recovery phase of illness.2
Play is the language of children. Through games, children express themselves, explore their world, and learn. Play can be used as a medium to help therapists and caregivers interact with children and help them express their feelings and emotions. Play therapy is the systematic use of theoretical models to build interpersonal processes in which therapists practice using the therapeutic power of games to help clients prevent or solve various psychological problems of children and achieve optimal growth and developmen.3
Play promotes healing and helps the child to cope with stressful experiences. The attitudes and feelings that children reveal in their play are full of meaning. Every opportunity should be afforded the hospitalized child to use play and other expensive activities to lessen stress, thus promoting healthy resolution of the negative aspects of the hospital experiences. The child can find acceptable outlets for hostilities through play activities.4
Hospital care may be an emotional and developmental set back to the child. It causes anxiety due to imbalance between environmental and societal demands and child’s coping abilities. The child in hospital may have to undergo various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Hospital care leads to altered nutritional and sleep pattern of the child.5
Children are the most important age group in all societies. Every child has the fundamental rights to his total health and we 2 have an obligation to bring happy and healthy lifeto children which is a difficult task and requires an approach that is carefully planned, coordinated and implemented by knowledgeable people. Childhood is a complex area with many factors combining to influence children health and development. Children in care are having a very special burden to bear at all stages of their growth and development.6
Fosson, Martin and Haley investigated the effectiveness of guided medical play in reducing anxiety in children. The anxiety level of experimental group was reduced when compared to control group. Several studies have shown that therapeutic play is effective in decreasing anxiety and fears for children from the time of admission to discharge.5
A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of play activities on anxiety during therapeutic interventions among hospitalized children at selected hospitals of Mohali, Punjab.
1. To assess and compare the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge on anxiety among hospitalized children.
2. To find out the association between the post-test on anxiety among hospitalized children with their selected socio-demographic variables.
3. To provide guidelines regarding play activities during therapeutic interventions among hospitalized children.
METHODOLOGY:
Research Approach:
Quantitative research approach
Research Design: Quasi experimental
The study was conducted in Government hospital, Mohali, Punjab. The total bed strength of the hospital is 1500. The hospital was well equipped with all specialties like emergency department, trauma unit, intensive care unit, neurology unit, isolation ward, surgical ward and all specialties outpatient departments. Inpatient ratios of pediatric children were 600. The pediatric medical ward is situated in the 3rd floor. I have selected the children age 6-17 years from the general ward.
Sample size consists of 60 hospitalized children between 6-17 years.
· 30 samples in experimental group.
· 30 samples in control group.
Convenient sampling technique was used by the researcher to select the sample. The children between 6-17 years who were admitted in the medical ward and fulfilled the inclusive criteria was randomly selected.
· Between 6-17 years of age.
· Available at the time of data collection.
· Willing to participate in the study.
· Below 6 years of age.
· No willing to participate in the study.
Description of the Tool:
The tool constructed in this study has two sections:
Demographic variables consist of Age, Sex, Education of child, No. of days
hospitalization, Education of parents, Occupation, Family income, Type of family.
The Modified Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale is clinician rating scale that is intended to provide an analysis of the severity of anxiety. It is a five-point scale. A rating of ‘0’ indicates no anxiety, ‘1’ indicates Mild anxiety, ‘2’ indicates moderate anxiety, ‘3’ indicates severe anxiety and ‘4’ indicates very severe anxiety.
The data obtained were analyzed in term of objectives of the study using descriptive and intervention statistics. The plan data analysis is follows.
· Organize data in a master sheet or computer.
· Personal data would be analyzed in term of frequencies and percentages.
· The level of anxiety before and after administering Play activities would be analyzed in term of frequencies, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation and would be presented in the form of bar, column, pie, cone, pyramid, cylinder diagrams.
· The significance of the difference between pre-test and post test score would be determined by paired „t‟ test.
· The association between level of anxiety and demographic variable would be determined by using x2 test [chi Square].
Section–I: Distribution of selected socio- demographic variables in terms of frequency and percentage Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables N=60
|
S. No. |
Demographic Variable |
Experimental (n=30) f (%) |
Control (n=30) f (%) |
Chi- square |
Df |
p-value |
|
1. |
Age in years 6-8 9-10 11-17 |
15(50%) 7(23%) 8(27%) |
17(56%) 5(17%) 8(27%) |
0.458 |
2 |
0.795NS |
|
2. |
Gender Male Female |
18(60%) 12(40%) |
16(53.33%) 14(47%) |
0.271 |
1 |
0.602 NS |
|
3. |
History of previous hospitalization a. Yes b. No |
17(56.66%) 13(43%) |
15(50%) 15(50%) |
0.268 |
1 |
0.605 NS |
|
4. |
History of surgery a. No b. Yes |
5(17%) 25(83.33%) |
3(10%) 27(90%) |
1.804 |
3 |
0.614 NS |
|
5. |
Primary caregiver a. Mother b. Others |
30(100%) 0 |
23(76.66%) 7(23%) |
7.925 |
1 |
0.005 * |
|
6. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian d. Others |
14(46.66%) 3(10%) 1(3%) 12(40%) |
20(66.66) 2(7%) 0 8(27%) |
3.059 |
3 |
0.383 NS |
|
7. |
Area of residence a. Urban b. Rural |
25(83.33%) 5(17%) |
24 (80%) 6(20%) |
0.111 |
1 |
0.739 NS |
|
8. |
Monthly income a. < Rs. 20000 /- b. Rs.2001-5,000/- c. Rs. 5,001/- to Rs. 10,000/- d. > Rs. 10,000/- |
1(3%) 8(27%) 15 (50%) 6(20%) |
1(3%) 4(13%) 19 (63.33%) 6(20%) |
1.804 |
3 |
0.614 NS |
NS- Non –significant
*- Significant
df- Degree of freedom
Table 1 depicts that half of the hospitalized children (50%) and (56%) were in the age group of 6-8 years in experimental and control group. More than half of the hospitalized children (60%) in experimental group and (53.33%) in control group were male. More than half of the hospitalized children (56.66%) in experimental group and half of hospitalized children (50%) in control group have history of previous hospitalization. Most of the hospitalized children (83.33%) in experimental group and (90%) in control group have history of previous surgery. All hospitalized children (100%) in experimental group and more than half (76.66%) in control group primary care giver was mother. Less than half of the hospitalized children (46.66%) in experimental group and more than half (66.66%) in control group were Hindu. Most of the hospitalized children (83.33%) in experimental group and (80%) in control group were resident of urban area. Half of the hospitalized children (50%) in experimental group and more than half of hospitalized children (63.33%) in comparison group have monthly income between 5,001/- to Rs. 10,000.
The chi-square was computed to see the homogeneity between groups before the administration of intervention. The calculated chi-square values were found to be non-significant which meant that the groups were homogeneous before the administration of play therapy.
Figure: 1 Percentage Distribution of children in terms of age
The data presented in Fig: 1 depicts that most of the hospitalized children that is age group 6-8 in experimental group is 50% and 56.67% is in the control group and 23.33% children of age group 9-10 in experiment group and 16.67% of children in control group.and rest of that 26.67% of children of age 11-17 in experiment group and same in the control group.
Figure: 2 Percentage Distribution of children in terms of gender
The data presented in Fig: 2 depicts that most of the hospitalized children that is 46.67% are female and 56.67% are male in the control group and 40% children are female and 60% of children are male in experiment group.
Figure: 2 Percentage Distribution of children in terms of History of previous hospitalization
The data presented in Fig: 2 depicts that most of the hospitalized children that is 55.67% in experiment group and 50% of children in control group having previous history of hospital whereas 43.33% of children in experiment group and 50% of children in control group having no history of previous hospitalization
Figure: 3 Percentage Distribution of children in terms of History of surgery
The data presented in Fig: 3 depicts that most of the hospitalized children that is 40% in control group and 82.33% of children in experiment group having no previous history of surgery whereas 10% of children in control group and 16.67% of children in experiment group having history of previous surgery.
Table 2: Level of Anxiety of children before administration of Play therapy in experimental and control group N=60
|
Anxiety level |
Range of score |
Experimental group(n=30) |
Control group (n=30) |
|
No anxiety |
0 |
- |
- |
|
Mild |
1-14 |
- |
1 |
|
Moderate |
15-28 |
27 (90%) |
28 (93%) |
|
Severe |
29-42 |
- |
- |
|
Very severe |
43-56 |
3 |
1 |
The data presented in table 2 depicts that most of the hospitalized children in experimental group (90%) had moderate level of anxiety before administration of play therapy whereas most of the children (93%) in control group had also moderate level of anxiety.
Table 3: Mean anxiety scores of children before administration of Play therapy in experimental and control group N=60
|
Group |
Range of Score |
Mean±S.D |
Median |
|
Experimental (n=30) |
15-37 |
19.033±5.45 |
17.5 |
|
Control (n=30) |
13-35 |
18.93±4.76 |
17.0 |
The data presented in table 3 shows that range of anxiety score before administration of play therapy was 15-37 in experimental group and 13-35 in control group. The mean pretest anxiety score was 19.033±5.45 and 18.93±4.76 in experimental group and control group. The median of experimental group is 17.5 and that of control group is 17.0.
The data presented in table 4 depicts that the comparison of mean pre-test anxiety score between experimental and control group before administration of play therapy in experimental group using independent ‘t’ test. The mean pre-test anxiety score of hospitalized children in experimental group was 19.033±5.45 and that of control group was 18.93±4.76. The calculated ‘t’ value (.76) was found to be statistically not significant i.e. (p=.940) at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, it can be concluded that the hospitalized children in experimental and control group were homogeneous and comparable in terms of level of anxiety before administration of play therapy.
The data presented in table 5 depicts that less than half of the hospitalized children (43.3%) in experimental group had mild anxiety after administration of play therapy and (40%) had moderate level of anxiety whereas most of the hospitalized children (80%) in control group had moderate anxiety after administration of play therapy.
The data presented in table 6 depicts that range score of anxiety level ranges from 6-18 in experimental group and 13-35 in control group. The mean post-test anxiety score was 10.2±3.2 and 16.6±4.92 in experimental and control group respectively.
The data presented in table 7 depicts the comparison of mean post-test anxiety score after administration of play therapy in experimental group and control group using ‘t’ test. The mean post-test anxiety score of hospitalized children in experimental group was 10.2±3.2 And 16.6±4.92 in control group. The difference in score was compared using ‘t’ test and was found to be statistically significant at the level 0.05 level of significance (p=0.00**). Therefore, null hypothesis H0 was rejected and research hypothesis H1 was accepted.
Table 4: Comparison of anxiety of children before administration of play therapy in experimental and control group N=60
|
Group |
Mean Score |
Mean Difference |
Standard error of mean difference |
Unpaired ‘t’ value |
df |
p-value |
|
Experimental (n=30) |
19.033±5.45 |
0.100 |
1.32 |
0.76 |
58 |
0.940nNS |
|
Control (n=30) |
18.93±4.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
Table-5: Level of Anxiety of children after administration of Play therapy in experimental and Control group N=60
|
Anxiety level |
Range of score |
Experimental group(n=30) |
Control group (n=30) |
|
No anxiety |
0 |
- |
- |
|
Mild |
1-14 |
13 (43.3%) |
4 |
|
Moderate |
15-28 |
12 (40%) |
24 (80%) |
|
Severe |
29-42 |
5 |
02 (2%) |
|
Very severe |
43-56 |
- |
- |
Table 6: Mean anxiety scores of children after administration of Play therapy in experimental group N=60
|
Group |
Range of Score |
Mean±S.D |
Median |
|
Experimental (n=30) |
6-18 |
10.2±3.2 |
10.0 |
|
Control (n=30) |
13-35 |
16.6±4.92 |
17.5 |
Table – 7: Comparison of anxiety of children after administration of play therapy in experimental and control group N=60
|
Group |
Mean Score |
Mean Difference |
Standard error of mean difference |
‘t’ value |
df |
p-value |
|
Experimental (n=30) |
10.2±3.2 |
-6.40 |
1.069 |
5.99 |
58 |
0.00* |
|
Control (n=30) |
16.6±4.92 |
|||||
Table 8: Comparison of anxiety of children before and after administration of play therapy in experimental group N=30
|
Anxiety score |
Mean Score |
Mean Difference |
Standard error of mean difference |
‘t’ value |
Df |
p-value |
|
Pre-test |
19.033 |
8.83 |
1.18 |
7.471 |
29 |
.000* |
|
Post-test |
10.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
Thus, it is true difference and not by chance. Hence, it can be concluded that there was significance difference in post-test anxiety level during therapeutic procedure among hospitalized children in experimental and control group after the administration of play therapy.
The data presented in table 8 depicts that in the experimental group the mean pre-test anxiety score was 19.033 and decreased to 10.20 after the administration of play therapy. The computed ‘t’ value (7.471) was found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance which showed that the mean difference in pre-test and post-test anxiety score was a true difference and not by chance.
Table 9 depicts that in the control group the mean pre-test anxiety score was 18.93 and decreased to 16.60. The computed ‘t’ value (2.027) was found not significant at 0.05 level of significance.
The data presented in Table 10 shows chi square values of association of pretest anxiety score with selected demographical variables in experimental group.
In experimental group there is significant association of anxiety score with religion (0.009*) of hospitalized children.
Table 9: Comparison of anxiety of children before and after administration of play therapy in control group N=30
|
Anxiety score |
Mean Score |
Mean Difference |
Standard error of mean difference |
‘t’ value |
Df |
p-value |
|
Pre-test |
18.93 |
2.333 |
1.151 |
2.027 |
29 |
0.052NS |
|
Post-test |
16.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
Table 10: Chi-square showing association of pre-test anxiety with demographic variables in experimental group N=30
|
S. No. |
Demographic variable |
Moderate |
Very severe |
Chi-square |
Df |
p-value |
|
1. |
Age in Years: 6-8 9-10 11-17 |
13 6 8 |
2 1 0 |
1.217 |
2 |
0.544NS |
|
2. |
Gender: Male Female |
17 10 |
1 2 |
0.988 |
1 |
0.320 NS |
|
3. |
History of previous hospitalization: a. Yes b. No |
15 12 |
2 1 |
0.136 |
1 |
0.713 NS |
|
4. |
History of surgery: a. Yes b. No |
4 23 |
1 2 |
0.667 |
1 |
0.414 NS |
|
5. |
Primary caregiver a. Mother b. Others |
27 - |
3 - |
- |
- |
- |
|
6. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian d. Others |
14 3 - 10 |
- - 1 2 |
11.481 |
3 |
0.009* |
|
7. |
Area of residence a. Urban b. Rural |
22 5 |
3 0 |
0.667 |
1 |
0.414 NS |
|
8. |
Monthly income a. < Rs. 20000 /- b. Rs.2001-5,000/- c. Rs. 5,001/- to Rs. 10,000/- d. > Rs. 10,000/- |
1 6 15 5 |
0 2 0 1 |
4.074 |
3 |
0.254 NS |
Table 11: Chi-square showing association of post-test anxiety with demographic variables in experimental group N=30
|
S. No. |
Demographic variable |
Moderate |
Severe |
Very Severe |
Chi-square |
Df |
p-value |
|
1. |
Age in years 6-8 9-10 11-17 |
6 4 3 |
6 1 5 |
3 2 0 |
4.608 |
4 |
0.330 NS |
|
2. |
Gender Male Female |
8 5 |
8 4 |
2 3 |
1.068 |
2 |
0.586 NS |
|
3. |
History of previous hospitalization a. Yes b. No |
7 6 |
7 5 |
3 2 |
0.78 |
2 |
0.962 NS |
|
4. |
History of surgery a. Yes b. No |
2 11 |
2 10 |
1 4 |
0.055 |
2 |
0.973 NS |
|
5. |
Primary caregiver a. Mother b. Others |
13 - |
12 - |
5 - |
- |
- |
- |
|
6. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian d. Others |
5 1 1 6 |
6 2 0 4 |
3 0 0 2 |
3.073 |
6 |
0.800NS |
|
7. |
Area of residence a. Urban b. Rural |
8 5 |
12 0 |
5 0 |
7.846 |
2 |
0.020* |
|
8. |
Monthly income a. < Rs. 2000/- b. Rs.2001-5,000/- c. Rs. 5,001/- to Rs. 10,000/- d. > Rs. 10,000/- |
1 7 4 1 |
0 0 8 4 |
0 1 3 1 |
11.972 |
6 |
0.063NS |
Table 11 depicts association of post-test anxiety with demographic variables in experimental group. In experimental group there is significant association of anxiety score with area of residence (.020) of hospitalized children.
Table 12: Chi-square showing association of pre-test anxiety with demographic variables in control group N=30
|
S. No. |
Demographic variable |
Moderate |
Severe |
Very msevere |
Chi-square |
df |
p-value |
|
1. |
Age in years 6-8 9-10 11-17 |
0 1 0 |
17 4 7 |
0 0 1 |
7.955 |
4 |
0.93 NS |
|
2. |
Gender Male Female |
1 0 |
14 14 |
1 0 |
1.875 |
2 |
0.392 NS |
|
3. |
History of previous hospitalization a. Yes b. No |
0 1 |
14 14 |
1 0 |
2.00 |
2 |
0.368 NS |
|
4. |
History of surgery a. Yes b. No |
0 1 |
3 25 |
0 1 |
0.238 |
2 |
0.888 NS |
|
5. |
Primary caregiver a. Mother b. Others |
1 0 |
22 6 |
0 1 |
3.647 |
2 |
0.161 NS |
|
6. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian d. Others |
1 0 - 0 |
19 2 - 7 |
0 0 - 1 |
3.295 |
4 |
0.510 NS |
|
7. |
Area of residence a. Urban b. Rural |
1 0 |
22 6 |
1 0 |
0.536 |
2 |
0.765 NS |
|
8. |
Monthly income a. < Rs. 2000 /- b. Rs.2001-5,000/- c. Rs. 5,001/- to Rs. 10,000/- d. > Rs. 10,000/- |
0 0 0 1 |
1 4 18 5 |
0 0 1 0 |
4.671 |
6 |
0.587 NS |
Table 13: Chi-square showing association of post-test anxiety with demographic variables in control group N=30
|
S. No. |
Demographic variable |
Moderate |
Severe |
Very Severe |
Chi-square |
df |
p-value |
|
1. |
Age in years 6-8 9-10 11-17 |
1 1 2 |
16 3 5 |
0 1 1 |
5.546 |
4 |
0.236 NS |
|
2. |
Gender Male Female |
3 1 |
11 13 |
2 0 |
3.047 |
2 |
0.218 NS |
|
3. |
History of previous hospitalization a. Yes b. No |
3 1 |
12 12 |
0 2 |
3.00 |
2 |
0.223 NS |
|
4. |
History of surgery a. Yes b. No |
1 3 |
2 22 |
0 2 |
1.296 |
2 |
0.523 NS |
|
5. |
Primary caregiver a. Mother b. Others |
2 2 |
19 5 |
2 0 |
2.283 |
2 |
0.319 NS |
|
6. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian d. Others |
3 0 - 1 |
15 2 - 7 |
2 0 - 0 |
1.531 |
4 |
0.821 NS |
|
7. |
Area of residence a. Urban b. Rural |
3 1 |
19 5 |
2 0 |
0.573 |
2 |
0.751 NS |
|
8. |
Monthly income a. < Rs. 2000 /- b. Rs.2001-5,000/- c. Rs. 5,001/- to Rs. 10,000/- d. > Rs. 10,000/- |
0 1 3 0 |
1 3 16 4 |
0 0 0 2 |
9.666 |
6 |
0.139 NS |
The data presented in Table 12 shows association of pretest anxiety score with selected demographical variables in control group. In comparison group there is no significant association of anxiety score with demographic variables of hospitalized children.
The data presented in Table 13 shows association of post anxiety score with selected demographical variables in control group. In control group there is no significant association of anxiety score with demographic variables of hospitalized children
NURSING IMPLICATIONS :
The findings of the study have several implications, which are discussed in four areas:
· Nursing practice
· Nursing education
· Nursing research
· Nursing administration
These results will help the nursing personnel to assess the anxiety level among hospitalized children. It will indicate the necessity of using play as diversion and helping the child cope up so that the memory of hospitalization will be a pleasant one. Play activities is an important aspect of nursing practice, for effective play activity, nurse, should have adequate knowledge regarding play activities. Nurse play a critical role in help in the child and family to cope effectively with hospitalization through play activities
Several implications can be drawn from the present study for nursing education. This study will help the nursing students to acquire knowledge regarding assessment of anxiety for children who are hospitalized. Nursing curriculum should provide an opportunity to plan and conduct play activities in a variety of setting viz family, community, industry, hospital and other health care agencies
This study motivates nursing personnel to do further studies related to this field. Research can be conducted to find out of play therapy for other age groups like toddler, preschooler etc. The present study reveals. That Play activities is useful to reduce the anxiety among the hospitalized children. Therefore, nurses especially those works in community should take imitative in conducting research.
Nurse administrators are the backbone for providing facilities to re provide. Play activities to reduce anxiety among hospitalized children. The nurse administrator can organize and conduct various continuing education and in service programs regarding assessment of anxiety and play therapy among hospitalized children. It helps to provide adequate play materials for giving play therapy. A hospital policy should be adopted to provide play activities to all unpleasant and out patients.
CONCLUSION:
In experimental group pre-test (90%) had moderate level of anxiey. Whereas in control group pre-test (93%) had moderate level of anxiety. Whereas less than half of the hospitalized children (43.3%) in experimental group had mild anxiety after administration of play therapy and (40%) had moderate level of anxiety whereas most of the hospitalized children (80%) in comparison group had moderate anxiety after administration of play therapy. The study concluded that children were anxious in the pre-test and were as in the post-test shows that children anxiety was very less. Hence it indicated that play activities was effective method to reduce the anxiety.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION:
All the authors contribute to the work.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:
No conflict of interest.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
We sincerely thank our faculty members of Rattan Professional Education College, and the subject’s cooperation despite their busy schedules. We would like to thank God almighty and our parents for being the guiding stars in our lives.
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2. Sadler C. Child‟s Play Nurses Times. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science 1990; 86 (11): 16 –17.
3. Saucier BI. Play activities a nursing intervention. Advanced clinical care. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science 1989; 4(2): 22-23.
4. Ziegler DM. Preparation for surgery and adjustment to Hospitalization. Nurses’ clinician of North America. 1994; 29 (4):655-59.
5. Butler A, et al. Effectiveness of play therapy on anxiety of pre-schoolers in the hospital, Journal of Paediatrics, (1975); 58(2):23 -25.
6. Gupta S. The Short text book of Paediatrics. 11th ed. New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers (1999).
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Received on 21.02.2025 Revised on 11.03.2025 Accepted on 27.03.2025 Published on 21.05.2025 Available online from May 23, 2025 Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2025;13(2):125-133. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2025.00025 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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