INTRODUCTION:

Heart is a strong organ approximately the measure of a closed clench hand that capacities as the body’s circulatory pump. Veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the body cells to the heart except pulmonary vein and then deliver it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries which provide oxygen and nutrients to the tissues by transporting the oxygenated blood throughout the body. A grown-up heart pumps almost 5 liters of blood per minute at rest².

During a cardiac arrest, the heart stops working, ceasing the stream of oxygenated blood to the brain and in the body. If it is not treated, severe cardiac arrest usually causes death within minutes³. Cardiac arrest is a burning health issue with widespread incidence and severe impact on human health and well-being. Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death that can strike any one at any age⁴. Globally, 1 out of every 1,000 people loses their life to sudden cardiac arrest every year. Studies have nearly shown that 80 percent of all cardiac arrests happen at home or outside hospital. About 10 percent of deaths occur due to cardiac arrest in India⁵.

NEED OF THE STUDY:

A study carried out by Global Health Research Institute suggests that J&K has recorded 29.6% death due to heart related ailments. The sudden cardiac arrest requires emergency interventions. If CPR is given on time with proper techniques, chances of survival may double or even triple. Cardio pulmonary resuscitation helps to restore the partial flow oxygen to the vital organs like heart and brain. The first 10 minutes immediately after an arrest are crucial and are called as ‘GOLDEN MINUTES’ because if nothing is done within that time, the victim is not likely to survive. According to American Heart Association, CPR should be started within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest⁶.

In the light of above findings, it is desirable to assess the knowledge regarding CPR techniques among BSc (N) Ist Year students and also to update the knowledge⁷. The way to learn CPR is to practice CPR. Educating the students and creating the awareness in helping them to learn more about CPR will help to prevent death occurring due to cardiac arrest. Early initiation of CPR enhances the chance of successful resuscitation. Competent administration of BLS can have a great impact in a person’s life but carrying out incompetent resuscitation may have devastating outcomes. Every person should know about basic life support resuscitation skills. Structured training and retraining are required for its effectiveness⁸.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

A pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding cardio- pulmonary resuscitation among B. Sc (N) first year students in Govt. College of Nursing, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu.

OBJECTIVE:

· To assess the level of knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among B.Sc (N) first year students.

· To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on level of knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among B.Sc (N) first year students.

· To find out the association between the pre-test levels of knowledge assessed with their selected socio-demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H0 There will be no significant association between post-test levels of knowledge regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation with their socio demographic variables.

H1 The mean post- test knowledge score of students regarding CPR is significantly higher than the pre-test knowledge score.

H2 There is significant association between knowledge score regarding CPR and selected demographic variables.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Mutlu Vural and Mustafa Femidom Kosar, (2017):

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of videotaped instruction on child CPR among 3^rd year BSc nursing students, college of nursing, SVIMS, Tirupati. The sample size was 50 students and random sampling technique was used. The result shows that the students had good knowledge about the importance of CPR in clinical practice and stood average in knowing its indication and effectiveness⁹.

Awwma Ma, Ayltou, BHE (Hons) (2017), conducted a, questionnaire survey. This study investigated CPR knowledge and attitudes of 383 students aged 15-16 years across 18 schools to understand barriers and for CPR delivery. A questionnaire pilot tested and validated by a panel of health professionals was distributed to students, using a convenience sampling methodology. The results show most students (87%) had not received CPR training, with common reasons for not attending being lack of time, lack of interest and not sure where to attend a course. Results of Mann Whitney U tests indicated that students who had received training scored significantly (P<0.05) higher on factual knowledge and also attributes toward CPR training than those without training. There were no gender differences. Most students reported that they would attempt to perform CPR in a cardiac arrest situation¹⁰.

Vijayaraddi Vandali et.al (2018) conducted a descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding CPR among students studying in SND College of nursing with a view to develop an information booklet. 50 samples were included in this study, data was collected through questionnaire. The finding clearly shows that no one student had poor knowledge among the students. There is 38% of adequate knowledge regarding CPR and the majority of 62% student had good knowledge about CPR. The study concluded that the student requires more knowledge and skill regarding CPR to practice effectively to save life of a victim¹¹.

Rekha Koranga, Priya J.P. Narayan et.al. (2019), conducted a quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding CPR among the student at College of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 61 samples were included in this study. Data was collected through questionnaire method. The finding clearly shown that mean post-test score (25.80+_3.0) was higher than pre-score (13.18+_3.3). The study revealed that STP was an effective method to enhance the knowledge of student regarding CPR¹².

G. Bhuvaneshwari, K. Bhuvaneshwari, J. Manimegalai, S. Joel Manoj (2020) conducted a descriptive study to assess the level of knowledge regarding cardio pulmonary resuscitation among general population in Chennai. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection.100 people aged between 20-50 years were selected for this study. It is conducted that level of knowledge on regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation shows that out of 100 sample 87 (87%) member had inadequate knowledge, 11 (11%) members had an adequate level of knowledge among general population in Chennai¹³.

METHOD AND MATERIAL:

In this study, a quantitative approach, Pre experimental research design was adopted. The sample size was 50 and the samples were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Self structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among students in Govt. College of Nursing Gandhi Nagar, Jammu.

The tool consists of two parts:

Part A: This part consists of 06 items for obtaining information about the samples like Age, Gender, Area of residence, Previous Source of Information regarding CPR, any previous training attended on CPR, Any previous experience on CPR.

Part B: The items were measured with help of Self structured multiple choice knowledge questionnaires which include 20 statements.

Criterion measure: Each self-structured multiple-choice question has four choices out of which one was correct answer and remaining three were wrong answers. A score of “1” was allotted for each right answer and every wrong answer was given the score of “0”. The maximum attainable score in the knowledge questionnaire was 20 and minimum score is 0. The level of knowledge is graded based on percentage of score obtained. To find out association with the selected variable, the knowledge aspect was categorised into 3 groups.

Level of knowledge scores:

Percentage (%)	Score	Inference
Above 75	16-20	Adequate knowledge
51-75	11-15	Moderate knowledge
<50	0-10	Inadequate knowledge

MAJOR FINDING:

The findings of the study revealed that majority of Students 58% were females followed by 42% were male. According to age maximum students 88% were fall under 19–21-year age group followed by 10% were of 22-24 years and 2% were of 16-18 years. As per area of residence majority 58% of students were belongs to rural area followed by 42% were residing in urban area. Distribution as per previous source of knowledge regarding CPR majority 48% attained knowledge from books followed by 34% from internet, 16% from classroom work and 2% attained from journals. Distribution on the basis of any training program attended previously on CPR majority 100% were not attended any training programme in past. As per any previous live witnessed experience on CPR maximum 90% had not witnessed followed by 10% had witnessed live experience on CPR.

This study concluded that out of 50 B.Sc. first year nursing students, 35 (70%) had inadequate followed by 15(30%) had moderate level of knowledge regarding cardio - pulmonary resuscitation. The Pretest knowledge mean and SD was (9.0±2.33).

Out of 50 students, 50 (100%) had adequate knowledge in post-test. The obtained post-test mean and SD was (18.02±1.07). The t-test value was 25 and it revealed that the planned teaching programme was effective. Hence, null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and research hypothesis (H1) was accepted.

This study finding revealed that there was no significant association with pre-test level of knowledge score of B.Sc. Nursing with their selected socio- demographic variables. So, H2 hypothesis was rejected.

Table 1.1 Distribution of B.Sc. Nursing first year students based on selected demographic variables (N = 50)

Demographic Variables

Frequency

Percentage

Age

· 16 -18

· 19 -21

· 22 -24

88%

10%

Gender

· Male

· Female

42%

58%

Area Of Residence

· Urban

· Rural

42%

58%

Previous Source of Information Regarding Bls

· Internet

· Journals

· Books

· Classroom Work

34%

48%

16%

Any Training Program Attended on Cpr

· Yes

· No

100%

Any Previous Experience on CPR

· Witnessed

· Not Witnessed

10%

90%

Table 1.2 Distribution of post-test level of knowledge regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among B.Sc. Nursing first year students. (N=50)

Demographic variables

Adequate knowledge

Moderate

Knowledge

Inadequate

Knowledge

AGE:

· 16-18 years

· 19 – 21 years

· 22 – 24 years

88%

10%

GENDER:

· Male

· Female

42%

58%

AREA OF RESIDENCE

· Urban

· Rural

42%

58%

PREVIOUS SOURCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING CPR

· Internet

· Journals

· Books

· Classroom Work

34%

48%

16%

ANYTRAINING PROGRAM ATTENDED ON CPR

· Yes

· No

100%

ANY PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE ON BLS

· Witnessed

· Not Witnessed

10%

90%

Table 1.3: Pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among B.Sc. Nursing first year students.

(N=50)

GROUP	MEAN	S. D	t – test value
PRE-TEST	9.02	2.33
POST TEST	18.02	1.07	25

(Significance at 0.05 level)

DISCUSSION:

A Pre experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among B.Sc. Nursing first year students of Govt. College of nursing, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu. 50 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. Self-structured multiple choice knowledge questionnaire was used. The findings were discussed on the basis of demographic characteristics, objectives of the research study.

Objective I:

The first objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among B. Sc (N) first year students. The findings of the study revealed that out of 50 B.Sc. first year nursing students, 35(70%) had inadequate followed by 15(30%) had moderate level of knowledge regarding cardio - pulmonary resuscitation. The Pretest knowledge mean and SD was (9.0±2.33). On the other hand, similar study was conducted by Chetan kumar Bhumi reddy et.al (2018) to assess the knowledge and effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on CPR among nursing students. The finding clearly showed that 13 (65%) of respondent fall under moderate knowledge and 7(35%) hold inadequate knowledge during pre-test. The post-test score was 17(85%) of the subject fell under category of adequate knowledge and only 3(15%) were under moderate knowledge group¹⁴.

Objective II:

Second objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on level of knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among B. Sc (N) first year students. Result shows that out of 50 students, 50 (100%) had adequate knowledge in post-test. The obtained post-test means and SD was (18.02±1.07). The t-test value was 25 and it revealed that the planned teaching programme was effective. Hence, null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and research hypothesis (H1) was accepted.

Our findings are supported by one similar study conducted by Meena (2019) to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding cardio pulmonary resuscitation in adult among student nurses GNM 3^rd year in a selected school of nursing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Result revealed that in pre-test majority 82.85% students had average knowledge followed by 18.57% had poor knowledge and none of them had good knowledge regarding CPR. In post-test majority i.e 100% acquired good knowledge¹⁵.

Objective III:

The third objective of the study was to find out the association between the pre-test levels of knowledge assessed with their selected socio-demographic variables. This study finding revealed that there was no significant association with pre-test level of knowledge score of B.Sc. Nursing with their selected socio- demographic variables like Age, Gender, Area of residence, Previous source of information regarding CPR, any training programme attended on CPR and Any previous experience on CPR. So, H2 hypothesis was rejected.

On the other hand, the findings of above study were supported by Samsunahar Syeda (2020) to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on infant CPR among 3rd year B. Sc Nursing Students in selected college of nursing, Kolkata. Results revealed that the mean pre test practice score was 15.58 and the mean pre test practice score was 25.41. In the t test, obtained ‘t’ value of knowledge and practice was (50.41) and (19.89) respectively which higher than the table value (2.04), at 0.05 level of significance and 35 degrees of freedom. There was significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice (r=0.95) at <0.05 level of significance and 35 degrees of freedom. The study also showed that there were significant knowledge and practice gain among third year B. Sc nursing students after attaining the PTP on infant CPR and there was no association of student’s knowledge with their age but students’ knowledge was associated with exposure to mass media. Student’s practice is not associated with age and exposure to mass media¹⁶.

CONCLUSION:

The study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge cardio – pulmonary resuscitation among B.Sc. Nursing first year students in Govt. College of Nursing, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu. 50 samples were selected by Purposive sampling technique. Self -structured multiple choice knowledge questionnaires was used in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to calculate the results. From the findings it was concluded that in pre-test the majority of students had inadequate level of knowledge regarding CPR. After planned teaching programme, the researcher found that there was significant improvement in knowledge regarding CPR among B.Sc. Nursing first year students.

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Received on 21.11.2024 Revised on 17.12.2024

Accepted on 31.01.2025 Published on 18.02.2025

Available online from March 10, 2025

Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2025;13(1):20-24.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2025.00005

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