A study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) on knowledge regarding Palliative Care among B. Sc. Nursing Fourth semester students at selected nursing college in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Toijam Monika Devi
Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing, Rama University, U.P.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: monikatoijam347new@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Background: Palliative care encompasses a holistic view of the patient's needs, addressing physical symptoms like nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. It also delves into the emotional and spiritual aspects of illness, providing counselling and support for patients and families grappling with difficult decisions and anxieties. Nurses in palliative care are specially trained to manage complex symptoms that often accompany serious illnesses. Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental one group pre and post-test design was used, samples were selected by using non-probability, convenient sampling technique. Total 100 samples were selected from faculty of nursing, Rama university, Kanpur, U.P. Demographic variables and a modified Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN) tool were used to collect the data. Results: majority (93%) were aged between 19-22 years, all are females (100%), majority (78%) belongs to Hindu religion, majority (99%) don’t have any previous education regarding palliative care and majority (92%) had no experience with palliative care taking person. The pre-test mean score is 3.21±0.2 and the post-test mean score is 13.62±0.26which is higher than the pre-test mean score. The calculated Chi square shown there will be a significant association between pre-test level of knowledge with age (χ2=5.79), religion (χ2=10.98) and previous experiences with palliative care taking persons (χ2=10.84). there will be a significant association between post-test level of knowledge with religion (χ2=8.173). Conclusion: The B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students has poor knowledge regarding palliative care. After administering the Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) they had enhanced knowledge on palliative care.
KEYWORDS: B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students, B.Sc Nursing students, Palliative care, Planned Teaching Programme (PTP), Palliative care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN) tool.
INTRODUCTION:
Medicine has made remarkable strides in recent decades, offering cures and treatments that were once unimaginable. Yet, there are still illnesses for which a definitive cure remains elusive. In these situations, the focus of healthcare shifts from cure to comfort, with palliative care emerging as a vital pillar of support. Far from being synonymous with giving up, palliative care offers a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses and their families.1
Palliative care goes beyond simply managing pain. It encompasses a holistic view of the patient's needs, addressing physical symptoms like nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. It also delves into the emotional and spiritual aspects of illness, providing counselling and support for patients and families grappling with difficult decisions and anxieties. Social workers within palliative care teams can help navigate complex insurance issues and ensure patients have the support systems they need at home. This multi-faceted approach allows patients to maintain a sense of control and dignity throughout their illness.1,2
A common misconception about palliative care is that it signifies the end of curative treatment. In reality, palliative care can be integrated alongside curative efforts at any stage of a serious illness. This allows patients to benefit from pain and symptom management while still pursuing potentially life-extending treatments. Open communication is central to this process, with doctors and palliative care specialists working collaboratively with patients and families to ensure all treatment options are understood and align with the patient's wishes.3
The benefits of palliative care extend beyond the patient. Studies have shown that patients receiving palliative care alongside curative treatment often experience a better quality of life, with improved pain control and reduced anxiety. Families also report feeling more empowered and supported as they navigate a loved one's illness. Palliative care can even reduce healthcare costs by focusing on managing symptoms rather than unnecessary interventions that may not improve quality of life.4
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Palliative care offers a lifeline of comfort and support to patients with serious illnesses, and nurses play a central role in making this care a reality. Their expertise, compassion, and dedication are the cornerstones of a successful palliative care team.5
Nurses in palliative care are specially trained to manage complex symptoms that often accompany serious illnesses. They are skilled in pain management, medication administration, and other techniques to ensure patients experience the highest possible quality of life. This includes proactive monitoring and assessment, anticipating potential issues and intervening swiftly to maintain comfort.6
Beyond physical care, nurses in palliative care provide invaluable emotional and spiritual support. They are adept at active listening, fostering open communication with patients and families about their fears, anxieties, and hopes. They can offer counselling and connect patients with chaplains or social workers to address spiritual and emotional needs.7
Nurses also serve as patient advocates. They educate patients and families about treatment options, ensuring they have the information needed to make informed decisions. They can mediate communication between patients, families, and doctors, navigating complex medical situations with empathy and clarity.8
The role of a palliative care nurse extends beyond the bedside. They collaborate with other healthcare professionals, including doctors, social workers, and therapists, to ensure a cohesive care plan is in place. They also provide support to families, offering guidance on caregiving tasks and emotional support as they grapple with a loved one's illness.9
In essence, nurses in palliative care are the backbone of the team. Their unwavering dedication to patient comfort, open communication, and holistic care makes a profound difference in the lives of patients and families facing serious illness. They are the unseen heroes who ensure that even in the face of immense challenges, dignity and compassion remain at the forefront of care.10
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
A study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) on knowledge regarding Palliative Care among B. Sc. Nursing Fourth semester students at selected nursing college in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding Palliative Care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (PTP) on knowledge regarding palliative care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
3. To find out the association between pre and post-test level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
METHODOLOGY:
Research approach: Quantitative research approach.
Research design: Quasi-experimental one group pre and post-test design.
Study setting: Faculty of nursing, Rama University, Kanpur, UP.
Sample: 100 B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
Sampling technique: Non - probability, convenient sampling technique.
Tool: The data collection tool consists of two sections. Section I: Demographic questionnaire. This section contains 5 items regarding demographic variables. Section II: A Modified Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN) tool. This section contains 20 items. Each item has 3 options, like Yes, No and Don’t know. Each correct option will get “1” and wrong answer will get “0”.
Data collection procedure: Formal permission was obtained from the principles of the selected nursing college, Kanpur, Utter Pradesh. Informed consent was taken from the subjects prior to their participation in the study. Pre-test was conducted by using demographic and PCQN questionnaires after that Planned teaching programme was administered on the day of pre-test by using power point. On seventh day post test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme. The collected data was planned for data analysis, in terms of objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There is a significant difference between pre and post-test of knowledge regrading on palliative care among B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
H2: There is a significant association between pre-test level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables among B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
H3: There is a significant association between post-test level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables among B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
RESULTS:
Section-I: This section deals with description of the demographic characteristics of among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
N=100
|
S. no |
Demographic characteristic |
Frequency (f) |
Percentage (%) |
|
1 |
Age in years |
|
|
|
|
a) 19-22 |
93 |
93% |
|
|
b) 23-26 |
7 |
7% |
|
|
c) 27-30 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
d) 31-34 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
a) Male |
0 |
0 |
|
|
b) Female |
100 |
100% |
|
3 |
Religion |
|
|
|
|
a) Hindu |
78 |
78% |
|
|
b) Christian |
12 |
12% |
|
|
c) Muslim |
8 |
8% |
|
|
d) Sikh |
2 |
2% |
|
|
e) Other |
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
Previous education about palliative care |
|
|
|
|
a) I took a course on palliative acre (Diploma or certificate course or online learning) |
1 |
1% |
|
|
b) I did not take a specific course, but it was included in my nursing courses |
99 |
99% |
|
5 |
Do you any personal experiences with palliative care? |
|
|
|
|
a) Yes, I have had a family member with palliative care |
6 |
6% |
|
|
b) Yes, I have had a close friend with palliative care |
2 |
2% |
|
|
c) No, I have not had any personal experiences with palliative care. |
92 |
92% |
The data presented in above table shows demographic characteristics among B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students, In that majority (93%) were aged between 19-22 years, all are females (100%), majority (78%) belongs to Hindu religion, majority (99%) don’t have any previous education regarding palliative care and majority (92%) had no experience with palliative care taking person.
Section-II: Mean and Standard deviations of Pre and Post test level of knowledge regarding palliative care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
N=100
|
S. no |
Para-meters |
Range of score |
Mean |
Standard deviation |
Paired t Test |
|
|
Cal-culated value |
Table value |
|||||
|
1 |
Pre test |
0-10 |
3.21 |
0.2 |
3.259 |
1.98 |
|
2 |
Post test |
9-19 |
13.62 |
0.26 |
||
The data presented in the above table shows mean and standard deviation. The pre-test mean score is 3.21±0.2 and the post-test mean score is 13.62±0.26 which is higher than the pre-test mean score. The calculated paired t test value is 3.259, which is higher than the table t value is 1.98. Hence, H1, There will be a significant difference between pre and post-test knowledge regrading palliative care among B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students was accepted.
Section-III: Pre and Post test level of knowledge regarding palliative care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
N=100
|
S. No |
Parameters |
Pre test |
Post test |
||
|
f |
% |
f |
% |
||
|
1 |
Poor (0-6) |
92 |
92% |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
Good (7-13) |
8 |
8% |
52 |
52% |
|
3 |
Excellent (14-20) |
0 |
0 |
48 |
48% |
The data presented in the above table shows pre and post-test knowledge regarding palliative care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students. In pre-test majority 92% were had poor knowledge and remaining 8% had good knowledge. Where in post-test majority 52% were gain good knowledge and remaining 48% were gain excellent knowledge. By this, after administering the Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students had gain enhanced knowledge on palliative care.
Fig No:1 Pre and Post test level of knowledge regarding palliative care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students.
The data presented in the above Figure shows pre and post test knowledge regarding palliative care among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students. In pre-test majority 92% were had poor knowledge and remaining 8% had good knowledge. Where in post-test majority 52% were gain good knowledge and remaining 48% were gain excellent knowledge. By this, After administering the Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students had gain enhanced knowledge on palliative care.
Section-IV: Association between pre-test level of knowledge with selected demographic characteristics among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students. N=100
|
S. No |
Demographic variables |
Level of pre-test knowledge |
Chi square value p= 0.05 |
|||||
|
Excellent |
Good |
Poor |
||||||
|
f |
% |
f |
% |
f |
% |
|||
|
1 |
Age in years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Χ2=5.79 T=3.841 Df=1 S* |
|
|
a. 19-22 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5% |
88 |
88% |
|
|
|
b. 23-26 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3% |
4 |
4% |
|
|
|
c. 27-30 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
d. 31-34 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
2 |
Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Χ2=10.98 T=7.815 Df=3 S* |
|
|
a. Hindu |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3% |
75 |
75% |
|
|
|
b. Christian |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2% |
10 |
10% |
|
|
|
c. Muslim |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2% |
6 |
6% |
|
|
|
d. Sikh |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1% |
1 |
1% |
|
|
|
e. Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
3 |
Do you any personal experiences with palliative care? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Χ2=10.84 T=5.991 Df=2 S* |
|
|
a. Yes, I have had a family member with palliative care |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2% |
4 |
4% |
|
|
|
b. Yes, I have had a close friend with palliative care |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1% |
1 |
1% |
|
|
|
c. No, I have not had any personal experiences with palliative care. |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5% |
87 |
87% |
|
The calculated Chi square shown there will be a significant association between pre-test level of knowledge with age (χ2=5.79), religion (χ2=10.98) and previous experiences with palliative care taking persons (χ2=10.84). Hence, H2, There will be a significant association between pre-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables among B.Sc Nursing Fourth semester students was accepted.
Section-V: Association between post-test level of knowledge with selected demographic characteristics among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students. N=100
|
S. No |
Demographic variables |
Level of post-test knowledge |
Chi square value p=0.05 |
|||||
|
Excellent |
Good |
Poor |
||||||
|
f |
% |
f |
% |
f |
% |
|||
|
1 |
Age in years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Χ2=1.655 T=3.841 Df=1 NS |
|
|
a. 19-22 |
43 |
43% |
50 |
50% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
b. 23-26 |
5 |
5% |
2 |
2% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
c. 27-30 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
d. 31-34 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
2 |
Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Χ2=8.173 T=7.815 Df=3 S* |
|
|
a. Hindu |
43 |
43% |
35 |
35% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
b. Christian |
3 |
3% |
9 |
9% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
c. Muslim |
1 |
1% |
7 |
7% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
d. Sikh |
1 |
1% |
1 |
1% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
e. Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
3 |
Do you any personal experiences with palliative care? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Χ2=0.551 T=5.991 Df=2 NS |
|
|
a. Yes, I have had a family member with palliative care |
2 |
2% |
4 |
4% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
b. Yes, I have had a close friend with palliative care |
1 |
1% |
1 |
1% |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
c. No, I have not had any personal experiences with palliative care. |
45 |
45% |
47 |
47% |
0 |
0 |
|
The calculated Chi square shown there will be a significant association between post-test level of knowledge with religion (χ2=8.173). Hence, H3, there will be a significant association between post-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables among B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students was accepted.
DISCUSSION:
· In this study majority of the students aged between 19-22 years, smiler to this a study was conducted at Arab American University in 2015. In that study the mean age is 21.9 years.
· In the present study majority of the students belongs to Hindu religion, smiler to this, a study was conducted at BMCHRC Hospital, Jaipur. In that study majority were belongs to Hindu religion.
· In the present study majority of the students did not take any course regarding palliative care. Simler to this a study was conducted in Multispecialty Govt. Hospital, New Delhi. In that study majority were not taken any course regarding palliative care.
LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited to B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students who are studying at faculty of nursing, Rama university, Kanpur, UP.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Based on findings of the study the following recommendations made,
· A similar study can under taken on a large sample to generalize the findings.
· A comparative study can be conduct to assess the attitude and behavior of nursing students towards palliative care.
· An exploratory study to assess the misconceptions regarding palliative care nursing.
· A study can be conduct to identify the impact of attitude in professionalism in nursing students to improve patient safety.
· Attitude of the nurses on improving the nurse patient relationship during palliative care.
ETHICAL CLEARANCE:
Ethical clearance obtained from Rama college of nursing, Rama university, Kanpur ethical research committee.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
CONCLUSION:
The B. Sc Nursing Fourth semester students has poor knowledge regarding palliative care. After administering the Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) they had enhanced knowledge on palliative care. Palliative care is an important aspect in nursing care. Therefore, nurses and nursing students need to be educated regarding palliative care and informed about changes that are happening in this area.
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Received on 17.12.2024 Revised on 03.01.2025 Accepted on 18.01.2025 Published on 18.02.2025 Available online from March 10, 2025 Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2025;13(1):46-50. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2025.00010 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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