Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Premenstrual Syndrome and its Management among Nursing College Students
T. Kumudha
Csi Eliza Caldwell College of Nursing, Idaiyangudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: kumudhakingston@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Premenstrual Syndrome is the condition in which one or more of the physical, mood and behavioural symptoms are present during or one week before or after menstruation and disappears with symptoms free period and repeat after ovulation in the luteal phase of menstruation and may affect a person’s life style, job/education and social life and disappears after the menstruation. It is more frequent in the women with high stress level. It is a condition that deeply affects the life of the women. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on premenstrual syndrome and its management among the college students. Objectives: To assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management, to compare pre-test and post-test level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management and to associate the selected demographic variables with level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management. Methodology: A quasi experimental design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted at CSI Eliza Caldwell College of Nursing, Idaiyangudi, Tirunelveli district. The study population consists of 60 B. Sc (N) students from both I year and II year. The samples were selected by random lottery method. The knowledge related questionnaire was used to collect data from 60 samples. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The findings showed that the pre-test level of Knowledge mean score was 5.32 which was lower than the post- test level of Knowledge mean score was 12.6. The obtained t value 0.22 was statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. Thus, the Null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It implies that the Structured Teaching Programme had significant effect in improving the level of Knowledge among I year and II-year B. Sc Nursing students regarding premenstrual syndrome and its management.
KEYWORDS: Structured Teaching Programme, Premenstrual Syndrome, Nursing College Students.
INTRODUCTION:
Premenstrual Syndrome which was designated by Frank for the first time in 1931 is a combination of psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms which is seen in the late luteal phase of menstrual cycle in women at the age of sexual maturity, disappears within several days upon the start of the menstruation and repeats in many cycles. Premenstrual Syndrome is the condition in which one or more of the physical, mood and behavioural symptoms are present during or one week before or after menstruation and disappears with symptoms free period and repeat after ovulation in the luteal phase of menstruation and may affect a person’s life style, job/education and social life and disappears after the menstruation. It is more frequent in the women with high stress level.
Significance and need for the study: PMS is a condition that deeply affects the life of the women but often it is unnoticed. The symptoms frequently described are mainly stomach ache, anxiety, dyspnea, crying attacks, depression, irritability and swelling of extremities.
Divya K.M, Ajit V. Deshpande (2023) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on premenstrual syndrome and its management among the college students. They found that out of 30 girls 03 (10%) respondent had poor knowledge, 26 (86.67%) respondents had good knowledge and 1 (3.33%) respondent had excellent knowledge.
Suman, Sathish Rajamani (2021) conducted a Study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding premenstrual syndrome and its coping strategies among adolescence girls of selected school of Ratia. During pre-test an overwhelming majority of the subjects 90 (90%) were with inadequate knowledge and 10 (10%) with moderate knowledge. None of the subjects were having adequate knowledge.
Noman UI Haq, Sapna Gill, Aqeel Nasim et al (2019) conducted a study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of premenstrual syndrome among nursing students of Quetta and found the prevalence of PMS found to be (n=95, 26.5%) in study participants those who have irregular periods were more suspected to diagnosed with PMS (n=16, 32.6%) and its P value is (0.570) which is insignificant. Their daily activities were affected because of the pain (n=27, 72.9%) while some of them were depressed (n=64, 17.9%) some were being energetic (n=94, 26.3%) and some felt social withdrawal (n=79, 22.1%)
Pathak K, Udapi G. (2017) Conducted a descriptive study to assess the Knowledge Regarding Psychological Problems of Premenstrual Syndrome and its Management among Adolescent girls at Selected PU College of Belgaum City, with a View to Develop Informational Booklet. The findings revealed that, maximum number of subjects 54(67.5%) were in the age group 16-17 years, maximum number of subjects 40(50) belongs to Hindu religion, majority of the subjects were in class 11th (92.5%), maximum subjects (95%) belongs to joint family, maximum subjects have attained menarche 32(40%), maximum subjects members suffering from premenstrual syndrome 48(60%),majority of subjects have length of menstrual flow 54(67.5%), majority of the subjects having knowledge about premenstrual syndrome 46(34%).
P. Padmavathi, RajaSankar, N. Kokilavani (2013) carried out a Correlation study on Perceived Stress and Premenstrual Symptoms among Adolescent girls in Selected School at Pallakkapalayam, Namakkal (Dt). The findings revealed that the majority (54%) of the samples had mild PMS, 28% as moderate and 18% of them had severe PMS. There was a significant association between the prevalence of PMS scores and variables like age and school absenteeism and Concluded that PMS is highly prevalent among female students. Maximum participants do not seek medical advice and taking self-treatment.
Nelma, et.al (July 2022) conducted a study on prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and reported that the prevalence of PMS is on hike, which need proper diagnosis and management to maintain the quality of life of women. The Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 47.8%. The lowest and highest prevalence were reported in France 12% and Iran 98%respectively. According to ICD-10, 91.4% participants had at least one premenstrual symptom of any given severity (mild to severe) in at least more than or equal to half of the menstrual cycles during last 12 months duration. Only 42 participants (8.6%) reported no symptoms.
It is notified that 80% of the women at the age of reproduction have changes associated with the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. Approximately, 20% of the women stated that these symptoms restrain them from daily activities and 10% stated that the symptoms are as heavy as to require medical aid. It was noted that the prevalence of PMS in adolescent girls in the United States of America is 70–90%. In the community studies performed in Turkey, the prevalence of PMS was found between 5.9% and 76% in the women in the age group of 15–49 and between 17.2% and 67.5% in the women in the age group of 15–25. PMS leads to capacity loss of the individual, economic losses, increase in accident potential, and health problems such as anxiety, depression and suicide and therefore decreases the life quality.
Premenstrual syndrome usually become problematic in the adolescent years. Symptoms are most severe in the late 20s to mid-30s, but women are most likely to seek treatment after the age of 30 years. An adolescent experience and undergoes remarkable dynamic anatomical, physiological and psychological changes during this phase. The result is that during this disability and hormonal depression, young women are drawn into a whirl wind of depression and confusion.
Hence this vulnerable phase of life requires special attention by health care providers who can help to create awareness among young females on comprehensive measures to reduce PMS in their child bearing age. This is in term helps to prevent the negative impact on the quality of life of a young woman and thus improve the efficacy, productivity, functional ability and coping skills. Creating awareness to adolescent girls will aid them to identify premenstrual syndrome early and thus manage it properly, which in turn reduces the rate of absenteeism and improve academic performance. Therefore, the investigator felt strong need to take up this study.
A study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on premenstrual syndrome and its management among the college students at selected nursing college in Tirunelveli district.
· To assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management.
· To compare pre-test and post-test level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management.
· To associate the selected demographic variables with level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management.
H0: There is no significant association between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome and its management.
METHODOLOGY:
A quasi-experimental design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted in CSI Eliza Caldwell College of Nursing Idaiyangudi, Tirunelveli district. The study population consists of 60 I year and II-year B. Sc (N) students who fulfill the inclusion criteria in C.S.I Eliza Caldwell College at Idaiyangudi. The samples were selected by random lottery method. In this study the independent variables are structured questionnaire and the dependent variables is level of knowledge. The sample selection will be based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The researcher had developed a structured questionnaire after reviewing of the literature to assess knowledge regarding premenstrual syndrome and its management. It consists of two sections.
Demographic variables which include sample number year, age, religion, medium of education, parents’ education, type of family, family income, residential area, type of diet, and family history of premenstrual syndrome.
It consists of 15 multiple choice questions to assess the level of knowledge for premenstrual syndrome and its management. Each correct answer carries one mark and the wrong answer carries zero marks. The possible maximum score was 15, and the minimum score was zero.
RESULTS AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:
Among the study participants, 50% of students are doing I year whereas 50% are doing II-year Bsc Nursing. Regarding age in years 1.6% of students are below 18 years, 68.3% of students are within 18-19 years, 26.6% of students are within 20-21 years and 3.33% of students are above 21 years. Regarding the religion 30% students are Hindu, 68.3% students are Christian, 1.6 % are Muslim. Regarding the medium of education, 46.6% of students are from Tamil medium and 53.3% of students are from English medium. Regarding the parents’ education 58.3% of were completed Primary Education, 30% of were completed Secondary Education, 10% of their parents were Graduates/ Post graduates and 16% 0f their parents were Illiterates. Regarding type of family 93.4% students are from nuclear family, 6.6% students are from Joint family. Regarding the family income 28.4% were below Rs.10,000, 55% earned Rs.10,000-20,000 income and 16.6% students’ family have more than 20, 000 income. Regarding the residential area 18.4% of students are from Urban area, 71.6% of students are from Rural area and 10% of students are from Semi urban area. Regarding the type of diet 3.4% of students are vegetarian, 41.6% of students are Non vegetarian and 55% of students take both diets. Regarding the family history of premenstrual syndrome 15% of student’s family has a history of premenstrual syndrome whereas 85% of student’s family does not have the history of premenstrual syndrome.
Table 1-The second objective is to compare the Mean knowledge of pre and post-test regarding prevention of premenstrual syndrome
|
Structured teaching programme |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Difference |
Paired t test Value |
|
Pretest |
5.32 |
0.88 |
7.28 |
t= 0.22 DF=59, T=20****(S) p≤0.005 |
|
Posttest |
12.6 |
0.209 |
The overall score in pre-test knowledge of nursing students shows that 40% of students have inadequate level of knowledge, 20% of students have moderate level of knowledge. It shows that majority of students have inadequate knowledge in all aspects of management of premenstrual syndrome. The overall score in post-test knowledge of nursing students 11% of students have moderate level of knowledge and 49% of students have adequate level of knowledge. It shows that majority of students have adequate knowledge in all aspects of prevention of premenstrual syndrome in post-test.
The third objective is to associate the pre-test level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables:
There was a significant association of pre-test level of Knowledge with selected demographic variables such as age of years (1.108) and types of family (12.59).
· Importance should be given to teach the students about the knowledge of effects of premenstrual syndrome and its management. So that the students can improve their knowledge.
· The nurses have to conduct to health education programme in the college to create the knowledge about premenstrual syndrome.
· The nurse researcher has to pay more attention in the studies related to effects of premenstrual syndrome.
· The study was conducted in CSI Eliza Caldwell College of Nursing involving a minimum sample of 60.
· Similar study can be done by using large sample and in community area also.
· Similar study can be done by using large sample size.
· Other methods such as modules, structured teaching programme can be imparting knowledge about effects of premenstrual syndrome.
· A comparative study can be done among the various levels of students.
CONCLUSION:
The Knowledge regarding premenstrual syndrome and its management shows 21(35%) of sample had moderate knowledge 39(65%) had inadequate knowledge. The pre-test knowledge of premenstrual syndrome and its management on the aspect of this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the knowledge level of premenstrual syndrome and its management. The knowledge related questionnaire was used for collecting data from 60 samples. During the post-test, 49(82%) had adequate knowledge, 11(18%) had moderate knowledge. The pre-test knowledge level mean score is 5.32 which are lower than the post-test knowledge mean score is 12.6. The obtained t value 2.0 is statistically significant at p<0.05 level. This study proved that the Structured Teaching Programme had significant effect in improving the level of Knowledge among I year and II-year B. Sc Nursing.
REFERENCES:
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Received on 26.03.2024 Revised on 08.06.2024 Accepted on 12.08.2024 Published on 20.11.2024 Available online on December 28, 2024 Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2024;12(4):158-162. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2024.00034 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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