INTRODUCTION:

Cervical malignancy is a significant women’s degenerative medical condition. It is a preventable infection of critical general wellbeing concern particularly in non-industrial nations. 83% of more than 4, 93,000 new instances of cervical malignant growth and almost 85% of all cervical cancer cases, all around the world happens in non-industrial nations. Its effect on the existences of women’s overall well-being is indisputable. It is the second most driving reason for death from malignancy among women in non-industrial nations. ¹

NEED FOR STUDY:

Research shows that countries with a low socio-demographic index (SDI*) generally have a higher number of women who succumb to cervical cancer. Many factors can contribute to women being diagnosed late. In India, many women seek treatment only after cancer has already advanced, making treatment and recovery difficult.² For those who do approach a doctor on time, treatment may not be available or it can be prohibitively expensive. ³ Unlike women in developed economies that are part of regular screening programme that catch cervical cancer early on, women in India do not take part in regular screenings. The stigma or shame attached with pelvic examinations in India has a huge role to play here.⁴

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

A study to assess the effects of structured teaching programme regarding preventive aspects of cervical cancer among women in reproductive age, attending gynae OPD in Sewa hospital and research center, Lucknow.

OBJECTIVES:

1.To assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of cervical cancer among women in reproductive age.

2. To administer planned teaching program on prevention of cervical cancer to women in reproductive age.

3. To determine the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge regarding the prevention of cervical cancer among women in reproductive age.

4. To find association of post intervention level of knowledge regarding prevention of cervical cancer among women, with their selected personal variable.

HYPOTHESIS:

H01 -The mean post intervention knowledge score of women regarding prevention of cervical cancer will not be significantly higher than their mean pre interventional knowledge score.

H1 -The mean post intervention knowledge score of women regarding prevention of cervical cancer is significantly higher than their mean pre interventional knowledge score.

· H02 – The post interventional score of women regarding prevention of cervical cancer will not be significantly associated with their selected personal variable.

· H2 – The post interventional score of women regarding prevention of cervical cancer is significantly associated with their selected personal variable.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Around the world, cervical disease stays as a significant reason for mortality among young women. In 2005, right around 260,000 women passed on from disease of the cervix internationally. Almost 95% of the deaths happen in non-industrial nations. A women’s lifetime hazard of creating and passing on from an obtrusive disease in Nigeria is 2.1% and 1.7%, individually. From 60 to 80% is seen in cutting edge stages whenever determined at all to have a low likelihood of long-haul endurance. No less than 5, 00,000 new cases are distinguished every year, and over 90% are in agricultural nations with rates most elevated in Central America, sub-Saharan African, and Melanesia. This makes cervical malignant growth perhaps the gravest danger to women’s lives. ⁵

In contrast to numerous malignant growths, cervical disease can be forestalled. This is on the grounds that the screening for cervical cancer is effectively available. This avoidance can be accomplished utilizing moderately reasonable advancements to recognize unusual cervical tissue before it advances to intrusive cervical disease.⁶ Most developed nations like the United States saw empirical decreases in the frequency and demise rates from cervical malignancy following the execution of coordinated screening programs. Openness to treatment, early recognition, decrease in inequality and other factors have added to this development.⁷

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research Approach: - Elucidating Survey Approach was considered as the proper measure to evaluate the degree of information in regards to cervical malignant growth among women.

Research Design: -Univariant research configuration was utilized in this study.

Setting: -The study was conducted in Gynae OPD in Sewa hospital and Research Centre, Lucknow.

Sample: - Women who attend the Gynae Out-patient Department at Sewa Hospital and Research Centre.

Sample Size: - 200 females.

Sampling Technique: - Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples.

Development and description of the tool

Section A: Socio demographic variables of the samples.

Section B – Structured interview schedule, to evaluate Knowledge of cervical cancer patients on modifiable risk factors of unhealthy sexual practices, irregular bleeding, which consist of 50 multiple-choices (close ended question form) with 4 options each, a total score was 50 which is further arbitrarily divided into three level of knowledge. 0 -25 Poor knowledge, 26-38 -Average knowledge, 39-50-Good knowledge

Section C: Opinniare - Likert scale, to identify the attitude of cervical cancer patient on modifiable risk factors of unhealthy sexual practices, irregular bleeding. It is 5-point Likert scale and it consists of 25 statements. Each item has five alternative responses like Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Neutral (N), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). The total score ranges from 0 to 100 which is further arbitrarily divided into-0-25 Unfavorable attitude 26-75 Moderately favorable attitude, 76 -100 Favorable attitude.

Duration and conduction of the study:

After obtaining the approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee of Bora hospital and Research Center, the study was conducted from the month of July 2021 to November 2021. At a time, a batch of 40 women was taken for the data collection. The pre test was administered on day one and structured teaching programme was conducted. The duration of structured teaching programme was 15-25 mins, followed by question and answer session. The posttest was conducted on day 8 from the pretest.

RESULTS:

Table 1.1 Level of knowledge about cancer cervix between females.

N =200

Sr. No	Stage of Knowledge	Pre Test		Post Test
Sr. No	Stage of Knowledge	Recursive	(%)	Recursive	(%)
1	Inadequate	118	59	0	0
2	Moderately adequate	82	41	52	26
3	Adequate	0	0	148	74

Table 1.1 reveals thatin pretest about 59% of female have inadequate stage of knowledge, 41% femaleare at commonly sufficient stage of awareness. Later in posttest only 26% are having moderately adequate stage of awareness, 74% have sufficient stage of awareness.

Table1.2 Pretest containing standard deviation and Mean including scores of posttest of levels based on knowledge about cancer malignant between female. n = 200

Sr.

Changable

Pre Test

Post Test

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Stage of knowledge

10.48

1.72

16.28

2.11

Table – 1.2, depicts that in pretest, complete mean based on stage of knowledge acted 10.48 as well as this standard deviation based on 1.72. Within a posttest complete mean of stage of knowledge changed to16.28 together with standard deviation, which is appropriate to 2.11.

Figure 1.1 stage of knowledge in pre and post with mean and standard deviation wise recursive and percentage distribution

Table 1.3: Association Between the Demographic Variables in Relation To Level Of Knowledge About Cervical Cancer Among Women.

Sr. No.	Socio- Demographic variable	Chi square value	Level of significance
1	Age	0.744	Not Significant
2	Educational status	3.094	Not Significant
3	Religion	2.653	Significant
4	Monthly Income	0.678	Not Significant
5	Marital status	5.373	Significant
6.	Contraception	0.514	Not Significant
7.	Parity	9.652	Not Significant
8.	Source of Health information	2.628	Not Significant

DISCUSSION:

1. The first objective of the study was to evaluate an adequacy of organized program on level of knowledge about cervical cancer among women in their reproductive age.

An overall number of 200 women was chosen for the review. The pretest was directed utilizing organized instruments. The length of the meeting went from 15 to 25 minutes as every lady. After a pretest a structured teaching program was delivered to them. Following 8 days the posttest was conducted by involving a similar instrument in a similar way. The source analysis is explained that in pretest 118 (59%) of females had inadequate level of knowledge where 42 (41%) of females had average level of knowledge about cancer malignant. Since posttest 148 (74%) of females had sufficient level of knowledge where 52 (26%) of females had average level of knowledge.

2. The second objective of the study was to evaluate an effectiveness of structured teaching programme on cancer cervix among women.

Table -1.2 explains that in the pretest with the mean of the level of knowledge was 10.48 and the standard deviation of 1.72. In a posttest with the mean of the level of knowledge was 16.28 and the standard deviation of 2.11. The result explained that a structure teaching programme to the females about cancer cervix was much effective and brought the outstanding changes in their level of knowledge. The paired t' test value of the total score of a level of knowledge is excessively significant by p<0.05 level.

3. The third objective of the study was to determine the association between the effectiveness of teaching programme on cancer cervix with a demographic variable.

Chi square value is of overall level of knowledge was excessively significant by p<0.10 level. It describes that the knowledge level of females had a prominent impression on their wellbeing status and the level of knowledge about cancer cervix improved by giving structured teaching programme.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. A similar study can likewise be possible among urban and rural women.

2. A comparative study can be directed by utilizing pilot and control gatherings.

3. A review study can be directed on malignant growth cervix patients to distinguish the other risk factors.

4. A review can be directed to figure out the commonness of risk factors among women.

5. A current review can likewise be directed among women with the take-up of Papanicolaou smear in the wake of getting a structure teaching program.

REFERENCES:

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2. Susan.M.( 2009 ) FIJI School of Medicine

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5. Anusha D Souza, Babu D, Gireesh GR. Assess Level of Risk of Cervical Cancer among Women in Selected Community Area, Mangalore. Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2014; 2(4): 252-259.

6. Anita Prakasam, Virendra Singh Choudhary. To Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude regarding Prophylactic Vaccination for preventing Cervical Cancer among nursing students in the College of Nursing, Bathinda, Punjab. Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2019; 7(2):143-147.

7. S. Gladin Sudha. A Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer among staff Nurses in P.S. Medical trust Hospital, Thalakulam, K.K. District. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management. 2021; 9(3):247-8.

Received on 05.04.2023 Modified on 01.06.2023

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2023; 11(3):177-180.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2023.00040