Assess the effectiveness of Planned Health Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Dengue fever and its Prevention

 

Veena Rajput

Professor cum Principal M.Sc. in Obstetric and Gynaecological Nursing,

Shri Shankaracharya College of Nursing, Amdi Nagar, HUDCO, Bhilai (C.G.), Chhattisgarh 490009, India.

 

ABSTRACT:

Background of the study: The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme (PHTP) on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention”. Dengue is the most extensively spread mosquito-borne disease, that causes Haemorrhagic fever, a potentially lethal complication, was recognized during the 1950s and is today a leading cause of childhood mortality in several Asian countries. Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquitoes.⁷
Objectives: ● To assess the pretested post-test knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention among the higher secondary student in selected govt. School at durg. ● To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention. Methods: Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. A total of 60 samples were selected probability -simple random sampling technique after 7^th day of intervention post-test had conducted and the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Evaluation of the effectiveness of planned teaching health programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention shows that The mean post-test knowledge score obtained was (16.78), mean % (55.93) were higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (8.35), mean % (27.83), The calculated t- value 4.9, DF (59) is greater then table value 2.02 at the 0.05 level of significance. Interpretation and conclusion: Findings of the study showed that the knowledge score of the higher secondary students regarding dengue fever and its prevention was less before the introduction of PHTP. The PHTP facilitated them to gain more knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention which was evident in post-test knowledge scores. Hence H1 is accepted which proves the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme regarding dengue fever and its prevention. Conclusion: The data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study indicated that Higher secondary students 81.66% had poor knowledge before the intervention and after intervention there was 100% improvement in the knowledge and they gain good knowledge about dengue and its prevention. The findings of the present study showed that, the posttest knowledge score was higher than the pre-test Knowledge score range. The hypothesis are proved and accepted.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Good health is a prerequisite of human productive and developmental process.³ Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is a major public health threat globally⁵. It has become a serious health issue worldwide. Out of six vector borne diseases dengue is a type of infection that spreads through a vector known as Aedesaegypti, which is recognized by typical white patches on the body of the mosquito.³

 

Dengue is a tropical disease affecting 110 countries throughout the world and placing over 3 billion people at risk of infection. According to WHO 70-500 million people are infected every year including 2 million who develop hemorrhagic and 20,000 who die. Children are at highest risk for death. The number of dengue cases across Chhattisgarh in 2018 was over 2,600up from about 356 dengue cases in 2016.⁹

 

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are acute febrile disease found in the tropics and caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. It is also known as break bone fever. It spreads by the bite of an infected mosquito Aedes Aegypti. The mosquito gets the virus by biting the infected persons. The first symptoms of the diseases occur about 5- 7 days often after an infected bite.¹

 

Dengue fever is characterized by two or more symptoms: headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, hemorrhagic manifestations, or leucopenia. Infection with additional dengue serotypes increases the risk of hemorrhagic disease, resulting in severe mucosal and gastrointestinal bleeding, hypovolemia and potentially death.⁴

 

Inadequate vector control measures have also created favorable conditions for dengue virus transmission and its mosquito vectors. Both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main competent vectors for dengue virus in India. The number of dengue cases has increased 30-fold globally over the past five decades. Dengue is endemic in more than 100 countries and causes an estimated 50 million infections annually.  Nearly 3.97 billion people from 128 countries are at risk of infection.⁵

 

 Limited awareness and non-systematized health education programmes have contributed adversely to the increase in dengue incidence at schools due to limited attention which has positively contributed to the increase in vector receptivity. Dissolved oxygen levels, and high salinity conditions. Several studies have claimed that the majority of dengue infections occur peridomestically , and therefore vector control has been embattled at residential areas.²

 

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention among the higher secondary student at select government school., Bhilai., Chhatisgarh.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.     To assess the pretest- posttest knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention among the higher secondary student in selected govt. School at durg.

2.     To assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

3.     To find out the association between pre-test knowledge score with selected socio-demographic variable regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

At 0.05 level of significance

H₁:   There will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

H₂:   There will be significant association between the pre-test knowledge score with selected socio-demographic variable regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

 

OPERATIONAL DEFINETION:

·       Assess:

      It refers to a process of evaluating the effectiveness of planed health teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention among higher secondary school students.

·       Effectiveness:

      It determines the extent to which the planned health teaching programme has achieved the desired effect in improving the knowledge of higher secondary school students regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

·       Planned health teaching programme:

      In this study, it refers to a systematically developed health teaching programme designed for the higher secondary school student with the help of PPT presentation and lecture method to provide information regarding meaning, causes and its prevention.

·       Knowledge:

      It refers to the information given to the higher secondary students regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

·       Dengue fever:

      Dengue fever is the most common arthropode born disease, it is a disease of tropical and sub-tropical region affecting urban and peri-urban areas.

·       Prevention:

      It refers to any measures that are being taken to control and stop the spread of infection.

·       Higher secondary school students:

      It refers to students who are studying from 11^th and 12 ^th standard in selected Government school at Durg.

 

PILOT STUDY:

The pilot study was conducted on 10 sample at Maharshi dayanand aarya vidayalaya, math para Durg, (C.G) probability simple random sampling technique was use for the sample collection. The reliability of the tool was calculated by using karl pearson’s, correlation, coefficient formula, the computed co- efficient value r-o.97 these computed correlation of knowledge is high. The tool found to be reliable.

 

MATHOD AND MATERIAL:

Evaluative research approach, quasi- experimental, one group pre- test post- test research design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme (PHTP) on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention. Main study study was conducted with 60 sample from Govt Higher Secondary School Borsi, Durg (C.G.) were selected by probability simple random sampling technique who fulfilled the sampling criteria. Pre test knowledge was asses by the self-structure questionnaire on first day. Thereafter, planned health teaching was given to these samples. Post-test was taken after 7 days.

 

STUDY VARIABLES:

·       Dependent variables: The dependent variable in this study was knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

·       Independent variables: In the present study, the independent variable was health teaching programme.

 

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria:

The study includes higher secondary students who where;

·       Both male and female students.

·       Able to read hindi or English.

 

Exclusion criteria:

·       Who are not available at the time of data collection.

·       Who are not willing at participate.

 

SAMPLE SIZE:

The sample sizec 60 higher secondary students.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLS:

SECTION - A:

Socio demographic data.

 

SECTION - B:

Multiple choice questionnaires regarding knowledge of dengue fever; which includes definition, clinical features, type, treatment.

 

The data was organized under following section: -

·       Section I- Description of socio-demographic variables in frequency and percentage.

·       Section II- Overall knowledge analysis using frequency and percentage.

·       Section III- Criteria wise analysis using mean, mean score and standard deviation.

·       Section IV- t-test analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of plant health teaching programme regarding dengue fever and its prevention,

·       Section V-   Chi-square analysis for association of pretest knowledge with selected demographic variables.

 

Scoring Procedure:

There were total 30 questions to assess the knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention. Each correct answer is given as 1 score. The maximum score was 30.

Score was categorized in 3 levels

·       Good     : (21-30 Score)

·       Average : (11-20 Score)

·       poor       : (0-10  Score)

 

Intervention:

The planned health teaching programme (PHTP) on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention) of 45 minutes duration was shown to higher secondary student.

 

Method of Data Collection:

An informed written consent was taken from the samples and the permission to conduct the study was obtained from the authorities. The data was collected in the following phases.

·       Phase 1: The structured questionnaire consisting of 30 items was administered to higher secondary student to assess the pre-test knowledge score on dengue and its prevention.

·       Phase 2: The planned health teaching programme (PHTP) on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention of 45 minutes carried out with higher secondary student.

·       Phase 3: The same questionnaire was again administered after seventh day on same students to assess the post -test knowledge score on dengue and its prevention..

 

MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

Section I: Description of socio-demographic variables in frequency and percentage: The demographic variables of higher secondary student are given as below:

1.     Age: Majority of age group 15-16 belong 45(75%), were as 15(25%) belong to the age group 17-18yr.

2.     Gender: Majority of female 37(61.66%) and 23(38.33%) were male.

 

3.     Education: Majority were 11^th class student 50(83%), were 12^th class student 10(17%).

4.     Subject Taught: It showing the commerce student were 19(31.66%), arts student were 16(26.66%), science student 12(20%) and maths student were 13(21.66).

5.     Previous exposure with dengue fever in family: It showing that at (13.33%) family members are exposed to dengue fever and majority 52(86.66%) are not exposed.

6.     Previous knowledge: 52(87%) majority of student are not having previous knowledge and 8(13%) having no previous knowledge.

7.     Sources of information: majority of sources are media 32(53.33%), peer group 2(3.33%), family 15 (25%), health care professionals 10(16.66%) and  none is 1(1.66%).

8.     Place around the house where stagnant water collects:- majority of sources are media 32(53.33%), peer group 2(3.33%) family 15(25%), health care professionals 10(16.66%) and  none is (1.66%).

 

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage distribution of subjects as per age, religion, academic qualification, source of knowledge

 

Section II: Overall knowledge analysis using frequency and percentage.

In pre-test 49(81.66%) students had poor knowledge and 11(18.33%) students had good knowledge but after planned health teaching programme on the subject in post-test knowledge score 14(23%) of them had demonstrated good knowledge whereas 46(76%) had excellent knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

 

 

 

 

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage distribution of overall knowledge score regarding dengue fever and its prevention

Knowledge score	pre-test		Post-test
	Frequency	Percentage%	Frequency	Percentage
Excellent	0	0%	46	76%
Good	11	18.33%	14	24%
Poor	49	81.66%	0	0%
Total	60	100%	60	100%

 

Fig 1. Shows pre-test, post-test knowledge score regarding dengue fever and its prevention

 

Section III: Criteria wise analysis using mean, mean score and standard deviation:

Reveals that knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention depicts the analysis of pre-test knowledge score through mean (8.35), mean %(27.83), and post-test knowledge score  mean (16.78), mean %(55.93).

 

Section IV: Paired T-test analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of plant health teaching programme regarding dengue fever and its prevention

‘t’ value (7.69) is greater than the table value (2.00), hence research hypothesis H₁ was accepted. The calculated’ value is greater than the table value (t ₍₅₉₎ = 2.00; p<0.05) and it show that there is a significant difference between the two mean knowledge score. This indicates that planned health teaching programme is effective in increasing the knowledge of higher secondary students regarding dengue fever and its prevention.

 

Table 3. Paired T-test analysis of pre-test post-test knowledge score by using mean, mean%

 

Section IV: Chi-square analysis for association of pretest knowledge with selected demographic variables:

Findings reveals that there was significant association between Pretest knowledge score with education, previous exposure, sources of information, family history of dengue fever, place around house where stagnant water collects and no significant association between pre-test knowledge score with age and gender.

 

DISCUSSION:

Evaluation of the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention shows that The mean post-test knowledge score obtained by the subject was (16.78), mean %(55.93) were higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score mean was (8.35), mean %(27.83). Suggested the PHTP helped in improving the knowledge of higher secondary students regarding Dengue Fever and its prevention. Similarly a study conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and control of dengue fever among 1^st year B. Sc. nursing students in a selected college of nursing at mangalore. The mean post-test knowledge scores (x2=17.16) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge scores (x1=11.13) suggesting the PTP helped in improving the knowledge of 1st year B. Sc. Nursing students regarding prevention and control of Dengue Fever. It indicated the PTP was effective in improving the knowledge of Nursing Students regarding Dengue Fever.⁸

 

Effectiveness of PHTP in terms of gain in post test knowledge score:

Another study conducted to assess Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude on Prevention and Control of Dengue Fever to the Common People in the Community Set Up in Delhi. The finding of the study showed significant increase in post test knowledge score was 18.82 whereas pretest knowledge was 11.44 respectively. The mean difference for knowledge was 7.38 and for attitude was 0.96. It was evident that the planned teaching programme was effective to increase knowledge.⁶

 

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:

The study was accepted by the research committee. Prior permission was obtained from Principal, Shri Shankaracharya College of Nursing, Hudco, Bhilai. Permission was also obtained from Principal Maharshi Dayanand Arya Vidayalaya, Durg. Consent was taken from the school students who formed the sample group. They had the freedom to withdraw from study at any time without giving any reason. Anonymity of the participant was ensured. Confidentiality of the data was maintained.

 

CONCLUSION:

The study showed planned health teaching programme had increased the knowledge of students regarding dengue fever and its prevention. A lot of research literature regarding it is also available on benefits of planned health teaching programme thus this knowledge can be utilized into practice to reduce cases of dangue. Therefore, it is time to recommend school based educational programmes and social mobilizations in order to encourage community participation for dengue control.

 

CONFLICT OF INTREST:

The author declares no conflict of interest.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Investigators acknowledge the cooperation extended by the higher secondary students during the time of data collection.

 

REFERENCE:

1.      Sandeep K.R., Divya Shettigar, Suma Jayappa. An educational intervention programme on dengue and its prevention among rural high school children, Karnataka, india. Nitte University Journal of Health Science. March 2014;4(1): ISSN 2249-7110

2.      N. M. L. Radhika, Nayana Gunathilaka, Lahiru Udayanga, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, and Wimaladharma Abeyewickreme, Level of Awareness of Dengue Disease among School Children inGampaha District, Sri Lanka, and Effect of School-Based Health Education Programmes on Improving Knowledge and Practices, Hindawi BioMed Research International, May 2019, ID 3092073, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3092073

3.      Pravin Ramesh Gholap. A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structure Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Dengue Fever among Adults (20-40 Years) in Selected Rural Area, Nashik (M.S), International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), February 2018, 7(2): ISSN (Online): 2319-7064, www.ijsr.ne

4.      Mohammed Yusuf A, Abdurashid Ibrahim N. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards dengue fever prevention and associated factors among public health sector health-care professionals: in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2019; 12:91-104 Emerg Microbes Infection. 2017 Aug; 6(8): e70.

5.      Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni, Andrew P Morse, Cyril Caminade, and Suryanaryana Murty Upadhyayula, Dengue burden in India: recent trends and importance of climatic parameters. Published online Aug 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5583666/

6.      Rashmi Negi, Shweta Handa. Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude on Prevention and Control of Dengue Fever to the Common People in the Community Set Up in Delhi.  Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), August 2017, 1(5): ISSN: 2456-470, pp.1251-1258, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2460.pdf

7.      Nikita Wagh, Poorva. Effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge about dengue fever, Sinhgad Nursing College-eJournal, June 2017, 8(1)/13.pdf Manjrekar http://www.sinhgad.edu/

8.      John shine, Anoop Thampi, Anu Kuriakose, Jino, M. Kaiziia, Metty, Roshni and Sheena, 2018. “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and control of Dengue Fever among 1st year B. Sc. nursing students in a selected college of nursing at Mangalore”, International Journal of Development Research, December, 2018, 8(12): 24513-24516.

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Received on 18.08.2022         Modified on 22.09.2022

Accepted on 14.10.2022       ©A&V Publications All right reserved