A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on level of knowledge regarding Menstrual Stem Cell Banking among student nurses at selected nursing colleges, Haridwar, Uttarakhand

 

Madhu Barthwal¹, Ruchi Chauhan², Anjana Wiliams³

¹Lecturer, Shri Swami Bhumanand College of Nursing, Haridwar.

²Associate Professor cum Vice Principal, Shri Swami Bhumanand College of Nursing.

³Professor, Shri Swami Bhumanad College of Nursing, Haridwar.

 

ABSTRACT:

Background of the study: Till date women have been disposing menstrual blood as an unhygienic waste, but many research proved that menstrual blood is a rich source of stem cells which have the ability to multiply and differentiate into various cells. Earlier blood from umbilical cord considered as the reservoir for stem cells for them who have given birth at any time of their life were able to conserve the stem cells which were found from umbilical cord. But now researchers investigated and collected stem cells from menstrual blood it giving opportunity to those women who have not given birth for preserving stem cells for themselves. Aim: The aim of the study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding menstrual stem cell banking among student nurses, at selected nursing colleges, Haridwar, Uttarakhand. Methods: Present study is an carried out 60 student nurses by the an quantitative approach with a pre-experimental, one group pre-test – post-test design was used for the study to accomplish the objectives..Samples were chosen by convenient sampling technique.  Socio demographic profile was used to assess the personal information of the samples and self structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding menstrual stem cell banking. Results: The study showed that in pre test majority of participants 33(55%) had average knowledge, Inpost test Majority of participants 36(60%) had very good level of knowledge. On comparing mean post test knowledge score was more than mean pre test knowledge score which was calculated by ‘Z’ test (19.21) at p <0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: This study shown that planned teaching programme was effective to enhance the knowledge of student nurses regarding menstrual stem cell banking

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Menstruation begins during menarche age and permanently stops at menopause. It is generally the incident of female puberty, according to social and medical perspectives. Which indicate the ability to have children.¹

 

Menarche is one of the important milestones in a women’s life. The menstrual cycle is just period it is the regular changes in female reproductive system. The changes occur all over the menstrual cycle are controlled by hormones, progesterone, and follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and others. Which stimulate the growth of follicles in ovaries, ovulation, and growth and shed of uterine lining. Start of menstrual cycle in female having physical changes vital sign like blood pressure or pulse. Cycle allow to know everything is working normal whenever body going through changes. Some fluctuation in cycle is normal but it has continuously variation might be show symptom of a treatable health condition²

 

Stem cells are specific cells which have unique capacity to differentiate into any tissue or organ in your body. It is because of specific ability to cure over 80 life threatening conditions. Moreover these are different types of stem cells that present in the human body. Which have two type hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells are different cells that can be transforming into other type of stem cell. In mammals, there are two category stem cell, embryonic stem cell, in premature embryo stem cells separated from the inner cell mass of blastocyst. In adults stem cells are repair system for the body. In a growing embryo stem cells can be transform into various specific cell like ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm which contribute to the development of various organ such i.e ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.³

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1.   To assess the level of knowledge among student nurses regarding menstrual stem cell banking.

2.   To assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on level of knowledge among student nurses.

3.   To find association between the pretest level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables.

 

Research Design:

Research design can be defined as a blue print to conduct a research study, which involves the description of research approach, study setting, sampling size, sampling technique, tools and method of data collection and analysis to answer specific research questions or for testing research hypothesis.⁴

 

In present study the researcher used the pre experimental one group pre testpost test design.

O1           X             O2

O1- 1st observation at pre test

X- Intervention

O2- 2nd observation at post –test

Description and development of the tools:

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding menstrual stem cell banking among student nurses. A self structured tool was used to collect data from the participants as it provided adequate information about their knowledge.

 

The following tools were used to generate necessary data.

 

Section 1- Socio demographic data

 

Section 2- Self Structured knowledge questionnaires.

 

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Hanan M, M. Tork1, Safiah M, Alraffaa, Khadija J Almutairi etal. 2018 conducted a study on stem cells stem cells: knowledge and attitude among health care providers in Qassim region, KSA in Saudi Arabia. This study purpose was to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care providers in Qassim region regarding stem cells. A cross sectional study on 250 participants was selected from five major hospitals in Qassim region. The samples of study were 17doctors, 26 nurses, and 9 others from King Fahad Specialist Hospital; 15 doctors, 25 nurses, and 11 others from Buraydah Central Hospital, 20 doctors, 12 nurses, and 13 others from Maternity and Children Hospital, 11 doctors, 22 nurses, and 17 others from King Saud Hospital in Unaizah, 19 doctors, 27 nurses, and 6 others from General Hospital in Alrass and in each hospital all departments were selected. The study finding revealed that survey of Quasim region there were about 57.2% of them were female and 47.6% of participants were less than 30 years old. 75.6% of the participants said that stem cell is a sample cell in the body that has ability to develop into any one of the various kinds of cell. Out of total samples 36.4% confirmed that stem cells can treat neurological diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson. 56% participants had the moderate level of knowledge about stem cells and its applications, while just 31.2% had a good knowledge and the rest 12.8% had poor knowledge. 33.6% were worried that it might induce human killing 26.4% were against researches on embryo or aborted fetus, while 87.2% believed to maintain the privacy of donor records and 83.6% insisted that a clear informed consent should be claimed before and after umbilical blood manipulation, 38% of concerned health professionals found immoral to take a human life even if it belongs to an embryo and only 25.2% thought that stem cell collecting is approved by religious men. 72.4% reported that stem cell transplantation should be widely practiced. 55.6%) mentioned that they would advise a pregnant mother to store her baby umbilical cord blood stem cells for future purposes. 85.6% found primordial to acquire competences stem cell applications knowledge and 88.4% confirmed their willingness to attend workshops about umbilical cord blood collection and stem cells, 91.6% agreed that more awareness programs regarding stem cell should be conducted, and also a great majority 83.2% reported that mankind future would be brighter in case of successful application of stem cell. The researcher concluded that data from study showed that Participant had moderate levels of knowledge and positive attitude toward stem cells and its applications among health care providers in Qassim. So this study suggested that educational programs on stem cells should be implemented to improve stem cells knowledge and enhance more positive attitude.⁵

Trevor J. McGill; Linda Osborne; Bin Lu; Jonathan Stoddard; Stephen Huhn; Ann Tsukamoto; Alexandra Capela (2019 conducted a study on subretinal Transplantation of Human Central Nervous System Stem Cells Stimulates Controlled Proliferation of Endogenous Retinal Pigment Epithelium. The purpose of the study was to examined whether transplantation of human neural stem cells into the subretinal space could increase the endogenous proliferative capacity of the host retinal pigment epithelium cell to regenerate. Method of study was included the isolating human central nervous system cells from enzymetically treated with oral bromodeoxyuridine which was injected in mice subretinal area at postnatal day 21 or 60. Eyes were fixed into cryostat sectionining and the sections were immune stained with stem 101, Ku80, retinal pigment epithelial cells 65, OTX1\2 gene, Bromodeoxyuridine and cellular retinaldehyde binding protein. Result revealed that received human central nervous system stem cells may provide more mechanism by which retinal pigment epithelium cell treated.⁶

 

Section: B

Percentile of pretest and post test knowledge:

 

Bar Graph No: 1 Arbitrary scoring of Gained score of pre and post test level of knowledge

 

Table no: 2 Depicts that, in pre test majority of the participants 33(55%) had average knowledge, 27(45%) participants had good knowledge and no any participants had very good knowledge. In post test 36 (60%) participants had very good knowledge and only 24 (40%) had good knowledge.

 

Section – 3

Table no. 4 Effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding menstrual stem cell banking among student nurses

Knowledge score	Mean ± SD	Ztest calculated value	Mean difference	Degree of freedom
Pre test	13.55 ±3.16	19.21**	9.9	59
Post test	23.45 ±2.42

‘Z’ _{59 =} 2.00 at the level of   p< 0.05, Highly significant **

Data presented in table no. 3 depicts that the mean post test knowledge with standard deviation (23.45±3.16) was greater than the mean pretest knowledge with standard deviation (13.55±2.42). Mean difference was (9.9), calculated paired Z test (Z 59 = 19.21>2.00  higher than  the table value , which shows that planned teaching programme was effective.

 

RECOMMENDATION:

A similar study can be done to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding menstrual blood stem cells banking among nursing students.

 

This study concluded that structured teaching programme was effective to enhance the knowledge of nursing students regarding menstrual blood stem cells banking.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Nil

 

ETHICAL CLEARANCE:

Taken from Shri Swami Bhumanand College of Nursing Haridwar

 

CONFLIT OF INTEREST:

Nil

 

REFERENCES:

1.      Menarche, Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 21 July 2019 cited on 2\9\19, available url address from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menarche

2.      What’s “normal”?: menstrual cycle length and variation, cited on 2/9\19 available url address from  https://helloclue.com/articles/cycle-a-z/what's-normal-menstrual-cycle-length-and-variation

3.      What are Stem Cells? Ree labs cited on 2\9\19 available url address from http://www.reelabs.com

4.      Sharma K Suresh in Nursing research and statistics, Second edition 2011 Elsevier publication, page no.93.

5.      Tork, HMM, Alraffaa, SM, Almutairi KJ, etal. Stem cells knowledge and attitude among health care providers in Qassim region, KSA, London J Res Sci. 2019, 19(5): 41-51 available url address from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321673924_Stem_cells_knowledge_and_attitude_among_health_care_providers_in_Qassim_region_KSA

6.      McGill, T J, Osborne L, Lu B, Stoddard J, Huhn S, Tsukamoto A,et al. Subretinal Transplantation of Human Central Nervous System Stem Cells Stimulates   Controlled Proliferation of Endogenous Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Trans Vis Sci  Technology, 2019, 8(3): 43-43,  doi: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.43,  available url address from  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6586077/

 

Received on 20.06.2022         Modified on 28.06.2022

Accepted on 04.07.2022       ©A&V Publications All right reserved