INTRODUCTION:

Zoonotic diseases are the diseases originating from animals wherein humans acquire infectious diseases from zoonotic reservoirs, either naturally or through zoonotic vectors.¹Zoonotic diseases represent critical threats to global health security. An estimated 60% of known infectious diseases and up to 75% of new or emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in origin Globally, infectious diseases account for 15.8% of all deaths and 43.7% of deaths in low-resource countries. It is estimated that zoonosis is responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million human deaths worldwide each year²Poor personal hygienic practices, improper farming practices, lack of awareness, poor diagnostic facilities, under reporting system, poverty and lack of medical facilities, all this causes high burden of morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants and children living in rural parts of developing countries. In India, incidence and prevalence of Zoonotic diseases like Plague, Rabies, leptospirosisis,H1N1,Nipaph, and Anthrax have affected human health throughout times. In recent past, India has seen emergence and re-emergence of high priority and neglected Zoonoses. As a case of point a highly infectious disease called Nipah Virus was first emerged in West Bengal (India) in 2001 and recently it has been reported from Kerala in May 2018³

Nipah infection caused death of 16 people in India. From the month of January till July 2018 (before the flood), 28 deaths were reported due to leptospirosis in Kerala. Kerala suffered unusually heavy rainfall and faced a catastrophic flood in August and September 2018, in which around 500 people died. The aftermath of the flood brings several epidemics., In June 2019 people has died due to H1N1 while to people succumbed the disease this month in 2019 June 12. In 80.9% of suspected H1N1 ^{patient
tested positive}for the disease in January. In may it became 41.9%.10 cases of ^{H1N1 have been reported in Alappuzha4}.

According to World Health Organization there is a co-existence of humans in a complex interdependent relationship with the campanion, production and wild animal we depend for our food, livelihood and we live and work in together, The increasing annual burden of zoonosis of public health in India can be prevented only by effective periodic surveillance, preassessment, awareness of zoonotic disease¹

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:

Zoonotic disease cause significant health and economic impact in developing countries such as India. Nearly 2/3^rd of human infectious disease and majority of emerging infectious diseases exerting heavy public health and economic burden to global community originate from animals .Based on impact and epidemiological characteristics these zoonotic disease have been characterised into more common endemic zoonosis such as Nipah, H1N1,Leptospirosis which are responsible for more than 2.2 million human death and 2.4 billion cases of illnessannually⁵.

Zoonotic infections constitute 70% of the community acquired infections. In the development of these diseases, the socio cultural habits and socio economic status have important effects .Poor countries are affected more from communicable and infectious diseases of which most are zoonotic and that the effects are moredestructive.⁶

The WHO refers more than 150disease and infection of animals communicable to man and term these as zoonosis. Zoonosis and human health are maters of particular concern in India. The WHO refers more than 150disease and infection of animals communicable to man and term these as zoonosis.

Zoonosis and human health are maters of particular concern in India. The increasing burden of zoonotic disease is alarming but the good news is that much of the burden of this major public problem can be prevented by preventive measures such as personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, early detection, improved delivery of care and better education for prevention of zoonotic diseases and its management.⁷

A pre experimental one group pre-test post-test Study to assess the effect of planned health teaching regarding knowledge of swine flu among people residing in selected slums of Rajkot city. Total 60 sample were selected from people above 12 years of age. Result shows that the planned teaching is effective in increasing the knowledge of the people regarding swine flu.⁸

Children are more expose to the environment they have only average knowledge regarding zoonotic disease. School would seems ideal target for prevention of zoonotic disease education scheme because information reaches a large group of children. Nipha ,leptospirosis and swine flu are considered as a deadly diseases, Recently it was seen kerala, Therefore ,it is necessary to provide adequate information about the leptospirosis,Nipah and Swine flu to the school children and assess their knowledge on these infectious which might be very useful for them in prevention possible infection in home Through this means ,they can remain safe and create an environment where other people can staysafe.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of selected zoonotic disease among high schoolchildren.

2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on prevention of selected zoonotic disease among high schoolchildren.

3. To find the association of pre-test knowledge score of high school children on prevention of zoonotic disease with selected demographicvariables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There is significant difference between pre-test and post- test knowledge regarding prevention of selected zoonotic diseases among high schoolchildren

H2: There will be significant association between knowledge score of High school children regarding Zoonotic diseases with selected demographicvariables.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Research Approach and Desigb:

A Quantitative research approach was adopted for the study

Research Design:

Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test was adopted

Sampling Techniques:

Convenient sampling technique was used

Sample and sample size:

The sample for the study was composed of 100 high school children between the age of 12-15years

Variables:

Independent Variables:

Structured teaching programme regarding Zoonotic diseases Dependent Variables.

Knowledge of high school children regarding Zoonotic diseases.

Data collection Method Tool used were

Socio demographic Performa

Structured knowledge questionnaire regarding Zoonotic diseases

Method of Data collection:

· Written permission obtained from schoolauthority

· The sample 100 was selected based on thesampling criteria using convenient samplingmethod

Pre test and structured teaching programme regarding prevention of zoonotic diseases was given and then post test done after a week

Data Analysis

1. Descriptive :Frequency, percentage,mean,and standard deviation were used.

2. Inferential : Paired t test and Chi-square test were used for the analysis and interpretation of data

RESULTS:

Section A; Description of demographic variables of samples.

Table 1, Frequency and percentage distribution sample

Sl. No	Demographic Variable	Frequency	%
1	Age (in years)
	a) 12-13 years	3	3%
	b) 13-14 years	40	40%
	c) 14-15 years	57	57%
2	Gender
	a) Female	42	42%
	b) male	58	58%
3	Class a)8^th class	11	11%
	b)9^th class	89	89%
	c)10^th class	0	0%
4	Occupation of parents
	a) Daily wages	38	38%
	b) Government sectors	22	22%
	c) Private sector	30	30%
	d) House maker	10	10%
5	Type of Family
	Nuclear	75	75%
	Joint	25	25%
6	Income of Family
	>10000	54	54%
	10000-20000	29	29%
	>20000	17	17%

Most (57%) high school children belong to the age group of 14-15years,whereas (40%) 13-14 years and least percentage (3%) of them belonged to the age group of 12-13 years.Majority (58%) of males participated in the study than females (42%).The class group selected for the study was 8^thstandard (11%) and 9^thstandard (89%).Majority of students parents occupation is daily wages (38%), private sector (30%), government sector (22%), house maker (10%). Most students were from nuclear family (75%) and those from joint family were only (25%) of students. Majority students familyincome<10000 (54%), 10000-20000 (29%) and least from 20000-

30000 (17%

Section B: Knowledge questionnaire regarding zoonotic diseases

Table 2 shows frequency and percentage distribution ofpre- test and post-test knowledge score regarding zoonotic deceases.

Sl NO	Question	Pre test		Post test
Sl NO	Question	Yes	No	Yes	No
1	What is zoonosis	23	77	92	8
2	Which season zoonotic disease is more common	17	83	94	`6
3	Which is the reservoir leptospirosis	17	83	89	11
4	Which microorganism Cause leptospirosis?	8	92	100	0
5	What is the mode of transmission of leptospirosis?	2	98	94	6
6	Which is the best method to prevent leptospirosis?	55	45	100	0
7	Which is the causative organism of Nipah?	13	87	78	22
8	What is the mode of transmission of Nipah virus?	19	81	70	30
9	Which bird can cause Niaph virus?	16	84	86	14
10	Which type of mask is effective against Nipah virus?	6	94	100	0
11	What is H1N1 infection?	11	89	100	0
12	Which domestic animal transmit the H1N1?	42	58	98	2
13	Which organ is mainly affected by swine flu?	3	97	77	33
14	Which is the mode of transmission of H1N1infection?	15	85	90	10
15	What is the appropriate infection control measure for preventing occurrence of H1N1?	5	95	91	9

Section C: Description of knowledge of high school children regarding prevention of zoonotic disease.

Graph 1 shows that pre-test of the highschool children had below average knowledge (82%) average knowledge of (18%) and 0% of good

Section D: Effectiveness of structured teaching program of selected zoonotic disease and its prevention

Table 3; Mean, Mean difference, standard deviation and t- value of pre-test and post-test knowledge score.

Parameter	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean difference	‘t’ value
Pre-test	11.3	5.37	17.71	t=1.98*
Post-test	24.84	6.39
p<0.05significant Table value: t₅₉=1.98

The data in the table shows that the mean post-test (28.84) knowledge score is higher than that of mean pre-test (11.13) knowledge score. The calculated t value (4.97) is greater than the table value ( t=1.98)at 0.05level of significance. Hence our research hypothesis is accepted

Section E Association of pre test knowledge score with demographic variables

S.N	Variable	X²	Level of significance
1	Age	1.65	Not significant
2	Sex	1.64	Not significant
3	Class	.718	Not significant
4	Occupation of parent	24.84	significant
5	Type of family	2.24	Not significant
6	income	8.818	significant

Chi-squae value were calculated to find out the association between knowledge score with selected demographic variables. The finding revealed that there was a significant association found between knowledge score with demographic variable like occupation of parent and family income, which were (x²=24.84 and 8.81)respectively

DISCUSSION:

Section 2: Knowledge regarding zoonotic diseases:

The present study analysed in the level of knowledge show that out of 100 children 82% had below average knowledge and 18% had average knowledge and none of them had good knowledge regarding prevention of zoonotic disease. Whereas in post-test after structured teaching programme out of 100 students 66% had good knowledge and34% had average knowledge and none of them had poor knowledge. So the hypothesis is accepted that mean there was a significant difference in the knowledge between pre-test and post-test.

This study findings was supported by a study conducted Nandakumar Kakade, Dr. S.V Kakade (2012) on assessed the knowledge regarding swine flu among secondary school going Children. A one group pre test post design was used during this study. 50 samples were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Pretest was conducted by using structured knowledge questionnaire. Structured Teaching programme was conducted by power point presentation programme. The study revealed that 20% student had poor knowledge. The majority 62%had average knowledge and 18% had good knowledge in pretest and post test score was58% students had average knowledge. The study finds revealed that there is effectiveness in the structured teaching programme to improve students knowledge regarding swine flu⁹.

The present study, the chi-square test was used to find the association between knowledge on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and selected demographic variablesThe finding revealed that there was a significant association found between knowledge score with demographic variable like occupation of parent and family income, which were (x²=24.84 and 8.81) respectively

RECOMMENDATION:

· This study can be conducted for larger number of sample for easy generalization of the topic.

· Comparative study can be conducted in uraban and rural area

· Similar study can be conducted in professional students

· Similar study can be conducted in high risk group or adult

· Similar study can be conducted by using different teaching methods

CONCLUSION:

The present study wasw undertaken to assess effectiveness of structured teaching programme on prevention of selected zoonotic disease among high school children in selected school ,Bharanickavu Panchayath.Hence the investigator find that high school children had lack of knowledge about prevention of zoonotic diseases.Researcher boosred the knowledge of high school children regarding selected zoonotic disease with help of structured teaching programme and it showed good improvement in their knowledge. Reinforcement is best wat to increase the knowledge levwel.

REFERENCE:

1. Park K. Leptospirosis, swine flu:Park’s textbook of preventiveand social medicine.24^thed.PremNagar,Jabalpur:M/s Banarsidas Bhanot;2017.309,166.

2. http://www.emro.who.int/entity/about-us/index.html.Zoonotic disease: emerging public health threats in the Region .

3. A H Suryakantha. Leptospirosis, swine flu; community medicine with recent. Advances.3rd ed. New delhijaypee brothers publishers;2014.178,182,205,302.

4. .Research; A scientometric Assessment of global publications output during 1999-2018.IJMPH.2018 [cited 2018 Apr-Jun]; vol8 (2):48-55

5. Monika Dahoqwal. Knowledge of swine flu among people.IJANM.204;vol-6:143.Monika Dahoqwal. Nipah virus- Areview.IJANM.2013;6(4):337.

6. Ashok Jain. Knowledge and practices regarding prevention of swine flu among rural women in selected area.NNT.2017;15:33,

7. G.vimala, A.Mary Josephine Rani. Leptospirosis in vellore: A clinical and serological study. IJM.2014 [cited 2014 Jun 23];vol2014:15.www.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/643940.URL..

8. .Aziab BD, Zahiruddin WM. The occupational Hazard study for Leptospirosis among Agriculture workers. IJCRIMPH. 2016 [cited 2016 Jun 16];vol8:284-286.

9. Ajay sundar, knowledge of swine flu, Nightingale Nursing Times, Ashok Jain [cited2017Nov4];vol12:262-265.

Received on 20.01.2022 Modified on 24.02.2022

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(2):117-120.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00030

OBJECTIVES:

HYPOTHESIS:

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Research Design:

Sampling Techniques:

Sample and sample size:

Variables:

RESULTS:

Section B: Knowledge questionnaire regarding zoonotic diseases

Section C: Description of knowledge of high school children regarding prevention of zoonotic disease.

Section D: Effectiveness of structured teaching program of selected zoonotic disease and its prevention

Section E Association of pre test knowledge score with demographic variables

S.N

Variable

X2

Level of significance

1

Age

1.65

Not significant

2

Sex

1.64

Not significant

3

Class

.718

Not significant

4

Occupation of parent

24.84

significant

5

Type of family

2.24

Not significant

6

income

8.818

significant

REFERENCE:

2. http://www.emro.who.int/entity/about-us/index.html.Zoonotic disease: emerging public health threats in the Region .

X²