Lingaraju CM1, Vidya2, Munirathnnamma1, Elizabeth2
1Asst. Professor, JSS College of Nursing, Mysuru.
2Asst. Lecturer, JSS College of Nursing, Mysuru.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: lingarajucm2012@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million) in second and third place respectively. India currently faces an uncertain future in relation to the potential burden that diabetes may impose upon the country. Many influences affect the prevalence of disease. Government policies may help in creating guidelines on diabetes management, funding community programmes for public awareness about the diabetes risk reduction, availability of medicines and diagnostic services to all sections of community. The aim of this study is to describe the attitude on management of diabetic mellitus among Diabetic patients at Mysuru dist. Objectives: The objectives of Study to assess the attitude on lifestyle modification among Diabetic mellitus patients at selected rural area under Varuna PHC Mysuru district. Methods: The research design selected for this study was descriptive design. Non Probability convenient sampling technique was adopted to select 60Diabetic patients at selected area under Mysuru dist. Result: Result revealed that majority of sample are have favorable attitude on lifestyle modification but there is association between the attitude of the diabetic patients with their selected demographic variables such as age, education and awareness programme. Conclusion: It was concluded that the diabetic patients having favorable attitude on lifestyle modification and there is statistical significance association between the attitude and demographic variable such as age, education and awareness programme.
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Lifestyle modification, Rural elderly, Mysuru dist.
INTRODUCTION:
Diabetes mellitus is taken from the Greek word diabetes, meaning siphon - to pass through and the Latin word mellitus meaning sweet. A review of the history shows that the term "diabetes" was first used by Apollonius of Memphis around 250 to 300 BC. Ancient Greek, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations discovered the sweet nature of urine in this condition, and hence the propagation of the word Diabetes Mellitus came into being.
Mering and Makowski, in 1889, discovered the role of the pancreas in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In 1922 Banting, Best, and Collip purified the hormone insulin from the pancreas of cows at the University of Toronto, leading to the availability of an effective treatment for diabetes in 1922. Over the years, exceptional work has taken place, and multiple discoveries, as well as management strategies, have been created to tackle this growing problem. Unfortunately, even today, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the country and worldwide. In the US, it remains as the seventh leading cause of death1.
The WHO Reports says that, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, the majority living in low-and middle-income countries, and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Both the number of cases and the prevalence of diabetes have been steadily increasing over the past few decades.2 The crucial elements to control diabetes is self-care, awareness and positive attitude to control glucose level, its major responsibilities of the patients.3 There are about 1.3 billion people in India — roughly four times the population of the United States. However, 72.9 million people in India had diabetes as of 2017, which rose from 40.9 million in 2007. Most of this increase is in cases of type 2 diabetes, which is caused by insulin resistance and the pancreas slowly losing the ability to make insulin. A complex set of factors can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, including: genes, environment, lifestyle4
Hence many research reveals that, Disease knowledge, appropriate attitude, and proper practices play an important role in disease control and reduction of diabetes-related complications and deaths6
The 10th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas reports a continued global increase in diabetes prevalence, confirming diabetes as a significant global challenge to the health and well-being of individuals, families and societies.7
The study directed the need to create the arrange awareness on positive attitude to regarding diabetes and associated risk factors in order to minimize the burden of diabetes.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the attitude regarding lifestyle modification among diabetic patients.
2. To determine the association attitude regarding lifestyle modification among Diabetic patients with their selected personal variables.
HYPOTHESES:
1. H 1- There will be significant association between the Attitudes regarding Lifestyle Modification among Diabetic patients with their selected personal variables.
Conceptual Frame Work:
The conceptual framework of the study is based on the health Belief model.
Assumptions:
1. Diabetic patients may have Favorable attitude regarding lifestyle modification.
Delimitation:
Study is delimited to the those who are residing in rural community Under Varuna PHC at Mysuru dist.
METHODOLOGY:
Research Approach:
Quantitative approach was adopted for the present study.
Research Design:
Descriptive design was adopted for present study
Keys:
Variables of the Study:
Research variable:
Attitude regarding Lifestyle Modification.
Other variables:
Selected personal variables viz., age, gender educational qualification, and previous exposure to educational programme regarding lifestyle modification programme.
Sources of the Data:
Setting of the Study:
The present study was conducted in Varuna PHC at Mysuru.
Population:
Population comprised of Diabetic patients at Mysuru dist
Sample and Sampling:
Diabetic patients were selected as samples for the present study.
Sampling Technique:
Non- probability convenient sampling technique was used in the present study to select 60 Diabetic patients at rural area of Mysuru dist.
Sampling Criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
Rural elders who are:
· Those who have diagnosed as a diabetic mellitus.
· Available during the period of data collection.
· Willing to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria:
Diabetic patients who were not available at the time of data collection.
Data Collection Techniques and Instruments:
Development of tool:
The tool was developed through following steps:
1. Review of research and non research literature related to Diabetic mellitus.
2. Opinion of experts from the nursing department.
Description of Tool:
The tool consists of two sections.
Section A: Consists of Proforma for selected personal variables of respondents seeking information such as age, gender, educational status, previous exposure to educational program me on lifestyle modification.
Section B: Includes Likert scale to assess the attitude regarding lifestyle modification on diabetic mellitus among diabetic patients.
For the total score obtained, grades will be assigned as mentioned below:
· < 50 unfavorable attitudes
· 50-75 neutral attitude
· > 75 favorable attitudes
Content Validity:
The tool was given to 6 experts in nursing field and 1 Statistician to establish content validity. There was 100% agreement by all experts. However, there were few suggestions to modify some questions and they were incorporated in the final draft.
Reliability:
The reliability was established through split half method by administering it to 30 Diabetic patients Mysuru dist. Co efficient correlation was 0.76. Hence the tool was found to be reliable.
Procedure for the Data Collection:
Permission for conducting the study was obtained from consent authority the data was collected from 12-011-20 to 21-11-20. To obtain the free and true response, the subjects were explained about the purpose and usefulness of the study and assurance about the confidentiality of the responses was also provided. An informed consent was obtained from each subject to indicate their willingness to participate in the study. The data collection process was terminated after thanking each respondent for their participation and their cooperation.
RESULTS:
Section 1 Description of selected personal variables of study subjects.
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution on management of diabetic mellitus according to their selected personal variables.
n = 60
|
Sl. No |
Demography |
Category |
Respondents |
|
|
frequency |
Percent (%) |
|||
|
1 |
Age (years) |
.>35 35-55 55-65 65 and above |
16 34 29 11 |
26.66 56.66 48.33 18.33 |
|
2 |
Sex |
Male Female |
42 18 |
70 30 |
|
3 |
Religion |
Hindu Muslim |
60 0 |
100 0 |
|
4 |
Type of Family |
Nuclear Joint |
33 27 |
55 45 |
|
5 |
Education |
Illiterates Primary Higher secondary PUC and above |
16 21 19
04 |
26.66 35 31.66
6.66 |
|
6 |
Income |
<6000 Rs 6001-12000 Rs.>12000 |
11 08
41 |
18.33 13.33
68.33 |
|
7 |
Exposure in education programme |
Exposed Not exposed |
43 17 |
71.66 28.33 |
Section -2 Frequency and percentage distribution of management of diabetic mellitus according to their level of knowledge.
Table 2:
|
n=60 |
||
|
Knowledge level |
f (%) |
(%) |
|
Unfavourable attitude (<13) |
17 |
28.33% |
|
Neutral attitude (13-20) |
31 |
51.66% |
|
Favourable attitude (>20) |
12 |
20% |
Table 3: Mean, median, standard deviation, scores n=60
|
Sl. No |
Aspects |
Maximum Score |
Range Score |
Mean Score |
Mean% |
SD |
|
1 |
Attitude |
37 |
19-34 |
24.66 |
64.89 |
3.09 |
SECTION- 3
Association between the level of knowledge regarding management of diabetic mellitus among Diabetic patients with their selected personal variables:
To find out the association between the attitude on diabetic mellitus with their personal variables, chi square was computed and following null hypothesis is stated.
H 02: There will be no significant association between the attitude regarding management of diabetic mellitus among Diabetic patients with their selected personal variables:
Calculated chi square value showed that there was no significant association found between the attitude of management of diabetic mellitus with their selected personal variables. Hence the null hypothesis is accepted and it is inferred that there is no significant association between attitude on management of diabetic mellitus with their selected personal variable.
IMPLICATIONS:
The findings of present study have implications for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research.
Nursing practice:
Rural elders are who will living in country yard. Those who diagnosed as diabetics must have positive attitude and skill regarding to avoid complication. Hence it is importance for management of diabetics mellitus to change their attitude regarding diabetic management.
Nursing education:
Education is the key component to update and change the attitude of an individual. The nurse educator can conduct the educational programme in community setting about awareness of diabetic management to change their attitude to prevent the complication.
Nursing administration:
Nursing administrator is the key person to plan, organize and conduct educational programme. Nurse administrators can encourage the rural diabetic elderly to participate in educational intervention on Diabetic Awareness campaign.
Nursing research:
The topic has great relevance to the present day in public health. The study stresses on the need for extensive research in the subject and for more implication to improve the awareness on Diabetic Management. Nurse researchers have to take initiative on this topic.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Similar study can be carried out on a large scale to generalize the findings.
2. A Similar study can be conducted among elderly women.
3. A comparative study can be conducted between Urban Elderly.
CONCLUSION:
It was concluded that Diabetic patients was having moderate knowledge regarding diabetic management. Study finding also emphasizes the there is no significance association between the level of knowledge with their personnel demographic variable.
REFERENCES:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2. https://www.who.int/health
3. Park. Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 19th edition. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers. page 366
4. https://www.healthline.com
5. https://www.cdc.gov
6. https://www.jehp.net
7. https://diabetesatlas.org
Received on 11.10.2021 Modified on 18.01.2022
Accepted on 25.02.2022 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(2):113-116.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00029