A Descriptive Study to assess the level of knowledge on prevention of 5f's (Finger, Food, Fluid, Flies and Feaces) disease transmission among mothers of under five children in selected hospitals of Raipur in a view to develop an Information booklet

Annamreddi Leelavathi¹*, Binu Mathew², Kamala Devi³, Kesiya Merine Idicula³, Kumari Tanya Gupta³,

Madhu Bhagat³, Mahima Raj Salodia³, Mamta Choudhary³

¹Nursing Tutor, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

²Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

³Nursing Students, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail:

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.¹ These infectious diseases often spread through direct contact that means from person to person. Coming with the contact of body fluids, or any secretions or even the fomites used by the infected person. The feaco-oral route can be summarized into 5fs: - finger, food, fluid, feaces, flies. The main diseases that are caused by feaco-oral route are diarrhoea, cholera, polio, hepatitis.²The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of 5f’s (finger, food, fluid, flies and feaces) disease transmission among mothers of under five children at selected Hospitals of Raipur. Materials and methods: Research approach was quantitative and research design was descriptive research design. 50 samples who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by non probability convenient sampling technique. The tool used for the collection comprises of 2 sections: section A- demographic variables; section B- A structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge on toilet training among mothers of under 5 children. Data collected were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The analysis of the data regarding the first objective of research, findings reveal that in the study (5) out of 50 mothers who are having children of under five years of age has inadequate knowledge which is 10% of the total data. Further (11) out of 50 mother’s has moderate knowledge which is 22% of total data, (34) out of 50 mother gained adequate knowledge which is more than 68% of total data. The analysis of data regarding reveals that there is mean 24.58 in the score of tests with the standard deviation is 2.99 respectively.

KEYWORDS: Toilet training, Mothers, Children, Knowledge, 5F’.

INTRODUCTION:

The infectious diseases can be grouped in three categories: diseases which cause high levels of mortality; diseases which place on populations heavy burdens of disability; and diseases which owing to the rapid and unexpected nature of their spread can have serious global repercussions.³

On world Health Day 2011, Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council suggested that the in nineteenth-century Europe and North America, diarrhoea, cholera, and typhoid spread through poor sanitation was the leading cause of childhood illness and death; today, such deaths are rare in these regions. In developing countries, however, they are all too common, and recent research suggests that poor sanitation and hygiene are either the chief or the underlying cause in over half of the annual 9.2 million child deaths. Compelling, evidence-based analysis shows that hygiene and sanitation are among the most cost-effective public health interventions to reduce childhood mortality. Access to a toilet alone can reduce child diarrhoeal deaths by over 30 percent, and handwashing by more than 40 percent.⁴

Many of the key determinants of health and the causes of infectious diseases lie outside the direct control of the health sector. Other sectors involved are those dealing with sanitation and water supply, environmental and climate change, education, agriculture, trade, tourism, transport, industrial development and housing.

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

According to studies of Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, five thousand children die every day due to infectious diarrhoea, which is caused primarily by inadequate sanitation. Seventeen percent of under-five deaths are attributable to diarrhoeal diseases, making it the second largest killer of children, after pneumonia. Diarrhoea is also a major contributor to malnutrition and stunting. Diarrhoeal diseases are often described as water-related, but more accurately should be known as excreta-related since the pathogens derive from faecal matter. The “faecal-oral cycle” describes the principal routes of transmissn of infectious diarrhoeal disease. This cycle is fuelled by the “five f’s”: fluid (drinking contaminated water); fields (the contamination of soil and crops with human faecal matter); fingers (unwashed hands preparing food or going into the mouth); food (eating contaminated food); and flies (spreading disease from feaces to food and water or directly to people – particularly problematic where open-air defecation is the norm).⁴

Breaking the faecal-oral cycle, which depends primarily upon hand-washing and use of toilets or latrines that contain and sanitisefaecal matter, saves children’s lives.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

A descriptive study to assess level of knowledge regarding prevention of 5F’s (finger, food, fluid, flies and feces) disease transmission among mothers of under five children at selected hospitals of Raipur in a view to develop an information booklet.

OBJECTIVES:

· To assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of 5Fs (finger, food, fluid, flies, and feaces) disease transmission among mothers of under five children at selected hospitals of Raipur.

· To associate level of knowledge with selected socio -demographic variables among mothers of under five children at selected hospitals of Raipur.

· To develop an information booklet on prevention of 5Fs disease transmission.

METHODOLOGY:

1. Research design:

Descriptive research design was adopted.

2. Setting:

The study was conducted at IPD and OPD of AIIMS Raipur.

3. Sample and sampling technique:

50 mothers of under 5 children were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique

4. Criteria for sample selection:

Inclusive criteria:

a) Mothers of under five children.

b) Mothers who are able to understand and communicate Hindi or English.

c) Mothers who are willing to participate.

Exclusive criteria:

· Mothers who are not willing to participate.

· Mothers who have children with critical illness.

5. Data collection instrument:

The tool used for the data collection comprises of 2 sections:

Section I: It consists of socio-demographic variables.

Section II: A structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding the prevention of 5Fs (finger, food, fluid, flies, and feaces) disease transmission among mothers of under five children

6. Score interpretation:

The score was interpreted in the following manner:

<50%: -Inadequate Knowledge.

51-75%: -Moderate Knowledge.

>75%: -Adequate Knowledge.

7. Data analysis:

Data collected were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Table 1: frequency and percentage distribution of the demographic variables of mothers of under five children.

Demographic variable	Indequate knowledge		Moderate knowledge		Adequate knowledge
Demographic variable	Freque-ncy	%	Freque-ncy	%	Freque-ncy	%
Age of the mother
18-21	0	0	0	0	0	0
22-25	0	0	1	2	4	8
26-29	4	8	6	12	6	12
Above 29 y	1	2	4	8	24	48
Educational status of mother
Illiterate	0	0	4	8	3	6
Primary education	0	0	3	6	1	2
Secondary education	0	0	2	4	4	8
Undergraduate	5	5	1	2	13	26
Postgraduate and above	0	0	1	2	13	26
Number of children
One	1	2	2	4	15	30
Two	2	4	6	12	14	28
Three	2	4	3	6	5	10
More than three	0	0	0	0	0	0
Area of residence
Urban	4	8	1	2	20	40
Rural	1	2	10	20	10	20
Semi urban	0	0	0	0	4	8
Income of the family
<5000	3	6	2	4	2	4
5000-10000	2	4	1	2	4	8
10001-15000	0	0	5	10	6	12
>15001	0	0	3	6	22	44
Type of family
Nuclear	4	8	9	18	9	18
Joint family	1	2	2	4	25	50
Extended family	0	0	0	0	0	0
Type of house
Hut	3	6	4	8	1	2
Concrete	2	4	5	10	33	66
Source of water
Well water	1	2	2	4	2	4
Tap water	3	6	8	16	9	18
Hand pump	1	2	1	2	23	46
Religion
Hindu	5	10	8	16	30	60
Muslim	0	0	2	4	1	2
Christian	0	0	1	2	3	6
Others	0	0	0	0	0	0
Type of waste disposal
Waste bin	1	2	4	8	9	18
Manure pits	4	8	2	4	20	40
Burial	0	0	5	10	2	4
Open field	0	0	0	0	3	6
Method of disposal of human excrete
Open field defication	1	2	0	0	1	2
Sanitary latrine	4	8	11	22	33	66
Knowledge regarding 5f’s
Yes	1	2	2	4	22	44
No	4	8	9	18	12	24

Table 2 distribution of level of knowledge on prevention 5fs disease transmission.

Mothers having inadequate knowledge

No. of mothers having moderate adequate knowledge

Number of mothers having aequate knowledge

Mean score

Standard deviation

24.58

2.99

Note: f = frequency, % = percentage

Table 2 shows that (5) out of 50 mothers who are having children of under five years of age has inadequate knowledge which is 10% of the total data. Further (11) out of 50 mother’s has moderate knowledge which is 22% of total data, (34) out of 50 mother gained adequate knowledge which is more than 68% of total data. The analysis of data reveals that there is mean 24.58 in the score of tests with the standard deviation is 2.99 respectively.

There is a significant association between the level of knowledge and socio-demographic variables like educational status of mother, area of residence, type of family, type of the house, sources of water, methods of waste disposal and the previous knowledge on 5F’s.

The analysis of the data regarding the objective of research, findings reveal that in the study (5) out of 50 mothers who are having children of under five years of age has inadequate knowledge which is 10% of the total data. Further (11) out of 50 mother’s has moderate knowledge which is 22% of total data, (34) out of 50 mother gained adequate knowledge which is more than 68% of total data. The analysis of data regarding the second objective of the research, finding reveals that there is mean improvement 24.58 in the score of tests with the standard deviation is 2.99 respectively, which reveals that there is significant improvement in knowledge of the mother of under five-year children.

The result of the present study can also support with the study was Conducted to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of food hygiene Among primary, intermediate and high school students in Saudi Arabia. Data was Collected using stratified random sampling technique from students aged 8-25 year. The mean age of 377 male students in the study was 14.53±2.647 years. Knowledge Levels was less in primary school students compared to high school students (p=0.026). The students exhibited good practice levels, despite fair knowledge and Attitude levels.⁵

From the statistical analysis (chi square method) it shows there is significant association between level of knowledge and some other socio-demographic variables like educational status of mother, area of residence, type of family, type of the house, sources of water, methods of waste disposal and the previous knowledge on 5F’s. It shows that there is no significant association between the level of knowledge and the socio-demographic variables like age of the mother, number of children, income of the family, religion of the mother and the method of waste disposal. The result is support with an epidemiologic survey was conducted in population of 1,727 persons living. In 253 households in a semi urban area of Goa, India. The prevalence of scabies was 9.7% by persons, 22.2% by households and 22.8% by families. Prevalence of scabies Was highly associated with age. The highest prevalence (23.7%) was in school-age Children. Prevalence rate by persons was approximately the same in Hindus and Christians, but prevalence rate between families was higher for Hindus, although Prevalence within families was higher for Christians. First to contact scabies in family Was generally a school child.⁶

RECOMMENDATIONS:

On the basis of study findings, following recommendations have been made:

1. The study can be replicated on a large sample with a control group.

2. Similar study can be conducted using larger number of samples selected by Probability sampling for wider generalization.

3. A Comparative study can be conducted to assess the knowledge of mothers on 5 F’s of disease transmission.

4. A Similar study can be conducted on different settings with different Demographic variables.

CONCLUSION:

In this study most of mothers of under five children have adequate knowledge regarding the prevention of 5Fs (finger, food, fluid, flies, and feaces) disease transmission. These findings suggested more extensive programs are to be held in rural areas to bring awareness on 5F’s.

REFERENCES:

1. www.emro.who.int. 2019. Infectious disease. [online] Available at: http://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/infectious diseases

2. Mead P. and Slutsker, L., 2014. Food - related illness and death in the United States: Emerg.Infect. Dis;2014; 5(5),607-25.

3. www.who.int. 2009. Disease control emergencies. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/disease control emergencies

4. www.wsscc.org. 2011. About sanitation and hygiene. [online] Available at: http://www.wsscc.org/media/news stories/reminder about sanitation and hygiene world health day2011

5. Almansour M, Sami W, Al-Rashedy O S, Alsaab R S, Alfayez A S, Almarri N R. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of food hygiene among schools’ students' in Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia. J Pak Med Assoc. [Internet]. 2016 Apr [cited on 2017 Feb 28];66(4):442-6 Available from URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27122273.

6. Gulati P V, Braganza C, Singh KP, Broker V. Scabies in a Semi urban area of India: An epidemiologic study. Int J Dermatol [Internet]. 2010 Sep [cited on 2018 Feb 26]; 16(7):594-8. Available from URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2914413.

Received on 08.10.2021 Modified on 17.01.2022

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(2):99-102.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00025