A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Anemia and Dietary Pattern between Anemic and Non Anemic Antenatal mothers at selected Hospital, Rajkot

Avani Patel¹, Ponmani. P.², Jeenath Justin Doss. K.³

¹Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/h Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot - 360006.

²Guide Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/h Sainik Society,

Jamnagar Road, Rajkot - 360006.

³Principal, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/h Sainik Society,

Jamnagar Road, Rajkot - 360006.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: avpatel2307@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Pregnancy is a happy time for most women. While most mothers experience an average pregnancy, there are certain child problem occur in case of future life of baby. so given knowledge of anemia and dietary patterns may help to mothers for making bright future of her child. A study was conducted a comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding anemia and dietary pattern between anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers at selected hospital, Rajkot. The hypothesis of the study was There will be significant relationship between knowledge and dietary pattern among anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers. The extensive review of literature facilitates the investigator to collect the relevant information of facts to support the study. The conceptual framework of this study was based on health belief model.

KEYWORDS: Assess, knowledge, Anemic, Non anemic, Dietary pattern.

INTRODUCTION:

Anaemia is defined as a decrease in the concentration of circulating red blood cells or in the haemoglobin concentration and a concomitant impaired capacity to transport oxygen. It has multiple precipitating factors that can occur in isolation but more frequently co-occur These factors may be genetic, such as haemoglobinopathies; infectious diseases, such as malaria, intestinal helminths, and chronic infection or nutritional deficiency, which includes iron deficiency as well as deficiencies of other vitamins and minerals, such as folate, vitamins A and B12, and copper¹.

Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major con- sequences on human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young children².

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world in this the Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common across all age groups, but highest among pregnant mothers affecting approximately 25% of the world population. Pregnant women are particularly at high risk for iron deficiency anemia because of increased iron needs during pregnancy³.

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is estimated to be between 35 and 75% (average 56%) in developing countries in the year 2000. Where as in industrialized countries the average prevalence is 18%. Anemia during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with (two fold) risk for preterm delivery and a (three fold) risk low birth weight as well as maternal mortality⁴.

The world Health Organization (WHO) estimates that anemia contributed to approximately 20% of the 515,000 maternal deaths, world-wide in the year 2010. There are multiple causes of anemia during pregnancy, including inadequate diet, impaired micronutrient absorption, blood loss resulting from haemorrhage and hemlines infestation, non–nutritional causes include thalassemia, malaria and sickle cell disease. Repeated pregnancies too are a source of blood loss, however, it is generally estimated that half of the anemia cases in pregnancy are related to iron deficiency. Almost all iron needs occur during the second half of pregnancy, when fetus organ formation occurs⁵.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the level of knowledge of anaemia and dietary pattern between anaemic and non anaemic antenatal mothers.

2. To compare the level of knowledge and dietary pattern among anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers.

3. To find out the association between knowledge on anaemia and dietary pattern with their related demographic variables among anaemic antenatal mothers.

4. To find out the association between knowledge on anaemia and dietary pattern with their related demographic variables among non anaemic antenatal mothers.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There will be significant relationship between knowledge and dietary pattern among anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers.

H₂: There will be significant association between level of knowledge on anemia and dietary pattern of anemic antenatal mothers with their selected demographic variables.

H₃: There will be significant association between level of non anemic antenatal mothers level of knowledge regarding anemia and dietary pattern with their selected demographic variables.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:

Research Approach:

A Quantitative Research Approach.

Research Design:

Comparative research design.

Settings:

The present study will be conducted at Perl hospital at Rajkot.

Population:

Target population: All antenatal mothers.

Accessible population: Antenatal mothers selected hospital.

Sample:

Sample consist of anemic antenatal mothers 30 and non anemic antenatal mothers 30. Total 60 mothers were included in this study.

Sampling Technique:

Simple random sampling technique was adopted for this study.

RESULTS:

In 30 anemic and 30 non anemic antenatal mother:

The data were collected using a Sructured Interview Schedule and the Tool was organized in three parts. (Demographic characteristics, Knowledge and dietary pattern on anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers). Investigator asked the questions and provided adequate time to receive their responses and to recall their practice during an Interview. Using the same approach, the investigator interviewed all the anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers. The average time taken for completion of the Interview was 45 minutes in each mother. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in overall mean knowledge score between anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers 3.8667, (P=0.051, df = 29) and there was significant difference in overall mean practice score between anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers.

There was no association found between the level of knowledge and dietary pattern among anemic and non anemic antenatal mothers at selected demographic characteristics of working and non-working mothers.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of the study concluded that anemic mothers had more knowledge than non anemic mothers on anemia and dietary pattern.

REFERENCES:

1. WHO/CDC, Worldwide Prevalence of Anemia 1993–2005 WHO Global Database on Anemia, WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.

2. WHO, Micronutrients Indicators Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anemia and Assessment of Severity, Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 2011.

3. Jassie, S. Journal of Nursing Profession. 2000; 68: 224-226.

4. Saccomandi D. Dietary Supplements for the Lactating Mother. 2003; 88(430): 7-13.

5. Bener A. Reproductive Toxicology. 2006; 21(1): 21-25.

Received on 02.03.2021 Modified on 29.09.2021

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(2):93-94.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00023