Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding the substance abuse among the Adolescents in Government Sr. Sec. School, Aherwan, Fatehabad (Haryana)

Mrs. Manisha Rani¹, Mrs. Neelam Nain²

¹Assistant Professor, Maharaja Agrasen College of Nursing, Agroha, Hisar

²Assistant Professor, Maharaja Agrasen College of Nursing, Agroha, Hisar

*Corresponding Author E-mail: Nilima6390@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

INTRODUCTION- Adolescents are a large and growing segment of the world’s population. More than half of the world’s population is below the age of 25, and one in every two young people in the world is adolescent. Substance abuse occurs when the pathway in the brain, the brains communication system is altered by repeated use of substance. Some of the brain nerve cells, called neurons, use chemicals called neurotransmitters, which are released into the gapes called synapse, between nerve cells. Alcohol abuse is a pattern of pathological use of alcohol for at least a month that causes impairment in social or occupational functioning. Take it to an extreme. If you were to abuse the pain medication by going way over the prescribed limit and frequency because you need that drug, you are becoming abused. AIM-The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding substance abuse in terms of gain in knowledge score among the adolescent in government school, Aherwan, Fatehabad (Haryana). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pre experimental one group pre test post test research approach was used to conduct this research study. A sample of 100 adoloscents as subjects selected from government school, Aherwan, Fatehabad (Haryana). using Simple random Sampling technique. RESULT- The Study articulated that the overall post-test mean with SD (13.05±3.43) was higher than pre-test mean with SD (9.67±2.98) with mean difference of 3.38. ‘t’ value was computed to find the level of significance between the means and it was observed highly significant (‘t’₉₉=13.55) at p<0.05. CONCLUSION: This result reveals that the planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge among regarding substance abuse adolescent in government school, Aherwan, Fatehabad (Haryana).

KEYWORDS: Planned Teaching Program, Knowledge, substance abuse, adolescents.

INTRODUCTION:

“Continuous effort, not strength or intelligence is the key to unlocking our potential.”

Adolescents are a large and growing segment of the world’s population. More than half of the world’s population is below the age of 25, and one in every two young people in the world is adolescent. Substance abuse occurs when the pathway in the brain, the brains communication system is altered by repeated use of substance. Some of the brain nerve cells, called neurons, use chemicals called neurotransmitters, which are released into the gapes called synapse, between nerve cells. Alcohol abuse is a pattern of pathological use of alcohol for at least a month that causes impairment in social or occupational functioning. Take it to an extreme .If you were to abuse the pain medication by going way over the prescribed limit and frequency because you need that drug , you are becoming abused.¹Substance abuse is called as self administration of drugs for non-medical reasons in quantities and frequencies which may impair individuals ability to function effectively and may result in physical, social or emotional problem. Hereditary, mental addiction, environment, physical addiction, withdrawal, ways to recover, medical treatment are the factor contributing to becoming the addict. Substance abuse is a chronic disease affecting the brain and just about everyone is different. Substance affects different people in different ways.²

Aims and Objectives of The Study:

1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding substance abuse among adolescents.

2. To prepare guidelines to create awareness among adolescent about substance abuse.

3. To intervene the structure teaching programme (STP).

4. To evaluate the effectiveness of structure teaching programme regarding substance abuse among adolescents.

5. To determine the relationship between knowledge and demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁The mean post-test knowledge score will be significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score at the 0.05 level of significance.

H₂There will be significant relationship between knowledge of substance and selected demographic variables at the 0.05 level of significance.

ASSUMPTIONS:

· There will be some knowledge regarding the substance abuse among adolescents.

· Structure teaching program is an accepted strategy for enhancing the knowledge.

· Improvement in knowledge will enable the adolescent to avoid the substance.

· Subject will be cooperative in the study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on knowledge regarding the substance abuse among the adolescents in Government Sr. Sec. School, Aherwan, Fatehabad (Haryana).

Research Design:

The researcher overall plan for obtaining answers to research questions for testing the research hypothesis and is referred to as research design. One group pre-test, post –test design was adopted to assess the knowledge.

Group

Pre-Test

Interventions

Post-Test

Adolescents of age 12-18 years of Government Sr. Sec. School, AHERWAN.

Structured knowledge questionnaire

O₁

Structured teaching programme

Structured knowledge questionnaire

O₂

Population:

In present study, population consist of adolescents of age group 12- 18 years of Government Sr. Sec. School, Aherwan, Fatehabad.

Sample size:

100 adolescents of age group 12- 20 years, who met the criteria formed the sample for the study.

Sample techniques:

Purposive convenient sampling technique was found appropriate and all the 100 adolescents of age group 12- 18 years, who could understand Hindi, English was selected as sample for study.

Criteria for selection of samples:

A) Inclusive criteria:

· Adolescents of age group 12-18 years in Government Sr. SEC. School, Aherwan.

· Those who are willing to participate in study.

B) Exclusive criteria:

· Those who are suffering from major mental disorder.

· Those who are not available during the period of data collection.

· Those who are not studying in the Government School, Aherwan.

Variables:

Variable is defined as an attribute of a person or object that varies that takes on different values.

a) Independent variables:

The variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable in this study was structured teaching programmer (STP) or knowledge about the selected drugs.

dependent variable of this study was the knowledge gained by adolescents of Government Sr. Sec. School. Measured by structured teaching questionnaire.

B) Dependent variables:

The presumed effect is reffered to as dependent variable. The

Setting:

The study was conducted in Government Sr. Sec. School, Aherwan. The total population of the study is 30.

RESULTS:

The Study articulated that the overall post-test mean with SD (13.05±3.43) was higher than pre-test mean with SD (9.67±2.98) with mean difference of 3.38. ‘t’ value was computed to find the level of significance between the means and it was observed highly significant (‘t’₁₉₉=13.555) at p<0.05. This result reveals that the planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of adoloscents regarding substance abuse.

Table-1-Sample distribution according to frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables.

Sr. No.

Variables

Frequency (n)

(%)

AGE (in years)

a.12-14

b.14-16

c.16-18

GENDER

a. Male

b. Female

EDUCATIONAL STATUS

Secondary

Higher secondary

PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP

a. Good

b. Excellent

c. Bad

d. Stay away from parents

TYPE OF FAMILY

a. Joint family

b. Nuclear family

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

a. Family

b. Friends

c. Health workers

d. Mass-media

20%

35%

45%

47%

53%

38%

62%

43%

57%

67%

33%

30%

20%

25%

Figure No. 1: Showing the pretest mean, post-test mean and enhancement in knowledge scores.

Table No. 3: Comparison of mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores

Level of knowledge	Range of scores	Pre-test		Post-test
Level of knowledge	Range of scores	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Adequate	21-30	0	0	59	59
Moderate	11-20	56	56	41	41
Inadequate	0-10	44	44	0	0

Figure 2: Significance of the difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score

DISCUSSION:

Findings in the present study revealed that the planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of the adolescents regarding substance abuse. The result of the study are supported by.

Fisher CA, Hoffman KJ, Austin-Lane J, Kao TC:

conducted study to assess the extent to which alcohol consumption in a military group differed from the general population, and how alcohol affected the military group’s health and social functioning.A cross sectional survey of military personnel (n = 5311) collected self-reported data on alcohol use (AUDIT scale) and general health, role limitations because of physical health problems (role physical), and social functioning scores (SF36 subscales). Logistic regression was used to compare drinking behaviours between the military sample and a general population sample, using the categories risky drinkers (>2 units per day), low risk drinkers (≤2 standard drinks per day) and abstainers. Groups in the military sample with the highest levels of alcohol misuse (harmful drinking AUDIT ≥ 16, alcohol dependence AUDIT ≥ 20, and binge drinking) were also identified. Linear regression models were then used to assess the association between alcohol misuse and SF36 scores. There were fewer risky drinkers in the military sample than in the general population sample. There were also fewer abstainers, but more people who drank at a lower risk level (≤2 standard drinks per day), than in a sample of the general population. Harmful drinking and alcohol dependence were most commonly observed in men, younger age groups, non-commissioned officers and lower ranks as well as reserve and ex-serving groups. Alcohol misuse was clearly associated with poorer general health scores, more role limitations because of physical health problems, and lower social functioning. Although risky drinking was lower in the military group than in the general population, drinking was associated with poorer health, more limitations because of physical health problems, and poorer social functioning in Defence members. These results highlight the potential benefits for Defence forces in reducing alcohol use among members, in both those groups identified at highest risk, and across the military workforce as a whole.³

Spicer RS, Miller TR, Smith GS:

Conducte a study in 2002-2003 to correlate alcohol consumption and tobacco use among 2264 tea industry workers aged 15 years and older in Assam during 2001-1002. Results showed the total age-adjusted prevalence of alcohol consumption was 59.2% (male, 69.3%; female, 54%). More than half of the respondents (54.7%) were multiple users of alcohol and tobacco and other illicit drugs. Prevalence of alcohol consumption in 15-24 year age group was 32.2% Socio-demographic correlates such as education, occupation, and marital status were important predictors of substance uses irrespective of sex. Users of alcohol and tobacco were mostly illiterate, manual workers, and widows/widowers. The study concludes that there is a great extend of substance abuse in the rural areas of the country especially among the illiterate and those who are in the low socioeconomic group. It recommends for drastic measures from the authorities to control the scenario.⁴

Movik KL, Mathijssen MP, Naagel PH, et al (2004):

conducted a study on psychodynamic substance use prevalence. The aim of this study was to summarise the scientific evidence on the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and on the factors associated with their intake among truck drivers. A systematic review was performed in the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, and Cochrane and 36 cross-sectional studies were identified with quantitative results about the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers. Out of these, 28 were carried out in countries with large land areas and 23 obtained their information through self-reporting. The most frequently studied substances were alcohol (n=25), amphetamines (n=17), marijuana (n=16) and cocaine (n=13). The prevalence of the use of these substances greatly varied: alcohol (0.1–91.0%); amphetamines (0.2–82.5%), marijuana (0.2–29.9%), cocaine (0.1–8.3%). The frequency of substance use was lower in studies that investigated the presence of these substances in biological samples than in those based on self-reported use. In 12 studies that evaluated factors associated with the intake of psychoactive substances, the following stood out: younger age, higher income, longer trips, alcohol consumption, driving in the night shift, travelling interstate routes, long or short sleep, fewer hours of rest, little experience of the driver, connection with small and medium sized companies, income below levels determined by labour agreements, productivity-based earnings and prior involvement in accidents. The frequency of psychoactive substance use by truck drivers seems to be high, although that greatly varies according to the type of substance and the method of collecting the information. The use of these substances was mainly associated with indicators of poor working conditions.⁵

REFERENCES:

1. Canadian Addiction Survey. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 2004.

2. Russell JM, Newman SC, Bland RC. Drug abuse and Dependence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; Suppl 376: 54-62.

3. Fisher CA, Hoffman KJ, Austin-Lane J, Kao TC. The relationship between heavy alcohol use and work productivity loss in active duty military personnel: a secondary analysis of the 1995 Department of Defense Worldwide Survey. Mil Med 2000; 165(5):355-361. 23 of 136.

4. Spicer RS, Miller TR, Smith GS. Worker substance use, workplace problems and the risk of occupational injury: a matched case-control study. J Stud Alcohol 2003; 64(4):570-578.

5. Movik KL, Mathijssen MP, Naagel PH, et al. Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Accid Anal Prev 2004; 36: 631-6.

Received on 20.04.2019 Modified on 30.05.2019

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2019; 7(4): 305-308.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2019.00071.4

Group	Mean	SD	Mean difference	`t’ value	df	Significance / Not significant
Pre-test (n=100)	9.67	2.98	3.38	13.55	99	HS <0.05
Post-test (n=100)	13.05	3.43	3.38	13.55	99	HS <0.05