INTRODUCTION:

Plastic are the most versatile materials ever invented. Indeed, the word “plastic” which derives from the Greek word “PIASTIKOS” meaning to mould or from, has come to be used as general description for anything particularly adaptable or flexible. Since the first plastic, celluloid was developed as a replacement for elephant ivory in the 1860’s many different types of plastic including nylon, polyethylene and Teflon have revolutionized the manufacture of commercial goods as diverse as nylon stockings and car-body parts. Nowadays use of plastics continues to grow and revolutionary new plastic are been developed.²

Plastic is now an integral part of the everyday activity of human life and one cannot rule out the advantages of plastic but the disadvantage can be reduced to some extent if certain methods to deal with plastic waste. That is mainly use cloths bags instead of plastic, buy food that has less packaging, do vermin composting, avoid bottled drinks etc. Also the women are adopting the disposal method like burning the plastic and also using plastics as fuel which make various health hazards. The effort to reduce the use of plastic is to promote plastic recycling and avoid the use of plastic bottles, plastic bags etc.³

The evidence from literature showed that hazards of plastic use are highly dangerous to health and environment. Although much planned teaching programme where developed in India on various topic. The research study recording the plastic use and disposal, motivated to investigate and teach people on hazards of plastic use. There is a bio-directional communications between plastic and things that contact it meaning that plastic get into the food and food gets into plastic as well as you. In other words, you are what you eat, drink and breaths plastic.⁴

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured programme on knowledge regarding hazards of plastic usage among housewives in selected community area, Bangalore.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge of house wives regarding hazards of plastic usage.

2. Evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding hazards of plastic usage among house wives.

3. Find out the association between knowledge regarding hazards of plastic usage among housewives with their selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1. There will be significant differences between regarding hazards of plastic usage before and after structured teaching programme.

H2. There will be significant association between knowledge score of housewives regarding hazards of plastic usage with selected demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

Assess:

It refers to the organized systematic process of collecting information about hazards of plastic usage among housewives through pre and post test.

Effectiveness:

In this study it refers to the extent to which structured teaching programme has achieved the desired effect in improving the knowledge regarding hazards of plastic usage.

Structured teaching programme:

It refers to systematically organized and developed instructions and teaching aid for a group of housewives to improve their knowledge regarding hazards of plastic usage.

Knowledge:

In this study it refers to the appropriate response received from the housewives to the items elicited through a structured teaching programme.

Hazards:

It refers to environmental and health hazards of plastic.

Plastic:

A material made from petroleum capable of being moulded, extruded or cast into various shapes. These are many different kinds of plastic made from different combination of compounds.

Housewives:

In this study it refers to a woman who is managing her family.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An evaluative approach with quasi experimental one group pre test and post test design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 30 housewives. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding hazards of plastic usage among housewives. The reliability of the tool was established by split half method to assess the knowledge. After obtaining formal permission from medical officer in PHC, Bangalore the pretest was conducted by purposive sampling techniques. The structured teaching programme was given on the same day for a period of one hour with the help of flash cards. The post test was conducted on 7^th day of teaching programme.

RESULTS:

Section I: data on demographic variables of housewives:

Frequency and percentage distribution of housewives with their demographic variables (N=30): reveals that 10 (33%) respondents belongs to the age of below 25, 17 (57%) respondents belongs to the age group of 26-40 years, 03(10%) respondents belongs to the age of above 40 years. 4(13%) respondents are hindu, 5(17%) respondents are Christian, 21(70%) respondents are muslim. 13(43%) respondents had illiterate, 11(37%) respondents had primary education, 6(20%) respondents had graduate. 24(80%) respondents are married, 5(17%) respondents are divorced, 01(3%) respondents are widow. 17(57%) respondents have income of below 10,000, 9(30%) respondents have income between 10,000-15,000, 4(13%) respondents have income of above 15,000. 24(80%) respondents were nuclear family, 6(20%) respondents were joint family. 4(13%) respondents having 1 children, 10(33%) respondents having 2 children, 16(53%) respondents having more than 2 children. 19(63%) respondents had previous information about hazards of plastic usage, 11(37%) respondents had previous information about hazards of plastic usage. 6(20%) respondents had the source of information by T.V/Radio, 9(30%) respondents had the source of information by family/ neighbor, 15(50%) respondents had the source of information by health worker.

Table No: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of housewives with their demographic variables. N=30

S. No	Demographic variables	No	%
1	Age: (in years)
	a. below 25	10	33%
	b. 26-40	17	57%
	c. above 40	3	10%
2	Religion:
	a. Hindu	4	13%
	b. Christian	5	17%
	c. Muslim	21	70%
3	Educational status:
	a. Illiterate	13	43%
	b. Primary education	11	37%
	c. Graduate	6	20%
4	Marital status
	a. Married	24	80%
	b. Divorced	5	17%
	c. Widow	1	3%
5	Monthly family income
	a. Below 10,000	17	57%
	b. 10,000-15,000	9	30%
	c. Above 15,000	4	13%
6	Type of family:
	a. Nuclear family	24	80%
	b. Joint family	6	20%
7	Number of children
	a. 1	4	13%
	b. 2	10	33%
	c. More than 2	16	53%
8	Previous information
	a. Yes	19	63%
	b. No	11	37%
9	Source of information
	a. Radio/T.V	6	20%
	b.Family/ Neighbour	9	30%
	c. Health worker	15	50%

Section II: Assessment of knowledge regarding hazards of plastic usage among housewives

Fig: 1 Bar diagram shows percentage of pre and post test level of knowledge regarding plastic usage among housewives

In pre test 100% of housewives had inadequate knowledge. Whereas in post test 37% had moderately adequate knowledge and 63% had adequate knowledge.

Section III: Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on hazards of plastic usage among housewives

Structured teaching programme regarding knowledge on plastic usage among housewives was highly effective as mean value of data highly increase from pretest (8.83) to posttest (22.76).

Section IV: Data describing the association of posttest knowledge score of respondents regarding hazards of plastic usage with selected demographic variables.

Paired ‘t’ test showed that the mean percentage for overall knowledge was 42.54% with the t value of 20.7 which was significant at 0.05 level. X² analysis revealed that there was no significant association between the post test knowledge of housewives with their selected demographic variable such as age, education, marital status, type of family, number of children, previous knowledge and source of information. There was significant association between the post test knowledge of housewives regarding hazards of plastic usage such as religion and monthly family income at 0.05 levels.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. The study can be replicated on large sample; there by findings can be generalized for a large population.

2. A self instructional module can be prepared to enhance the knowledge of housewives on hazards of plastic usage.

3. A similar study can be conducted to compare the knowledge level between rural and urban women.

REFERENCES:

1. K.S Krishna, Environmental impact by disposal of plastic from municipal solid waste, 2015 page No-51-63

2. Huntley S growth of plastic in the world: the international journal of public health: 2005

3. Anisole, plastic waste incidental rate to the world: journal and medicine: 2009

4. Andrady Anthony, plastic and the environment: john wiley and sons; 2003. 3^rd volume, page. No 321-322

5. Neelam kumara, a textbook of nursing research and statistics: 3^rd edition, 1^st volume, p.v publications: 2005, page No.80-83

Received on 30.06.2019 Modified on 13.07.2019

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2019; 7(3):255-257.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2019.00058.1