INTRODUCTION:

Nurses who are able to plan and carry out nursing care with knowledge, skill and confidence are better ambassadors for their speciality¹. Nurses practice within a changing and evolving health care environment and therefore they are required to develop their knowledge, skill and attitude. Nurses’ practice is supported by knowledge that is continuously evolving and therefore must use the best available evidence to guide their practice².

Nurses who are performing intravenous cannulation will be competent practitioners in the expanded area of practice and therefore will deliver a more responsive timely service that will improve the patient’s journey within the health services³.

Nurses need to be aware of their level of accountability when performing intravenous cannulation. Cannulation should be incorporated into practice as part of holistic patient care. When introducing cannulation into a department, a commitment is required from the individual nurse and the organisation. Intravenous cannulation is a skilled technique, best performed as a staged process⁴.

Specially, for a child, intravenous cannulation is not an easy task. It needs special practice and training. Because, a child vein is very thin and fragile not able to visualise easily by our naked eye. Those nurses working in child centre unit have to have skill in cannulation⁵.

OBJECTIVES:

1 To assess the knowledge regarding cannulation among student nurses.

2 To assess the practices regarding cannulation among student nurses.

3 To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge and practices regarding cannulation among student nurses in terms of gain in knowledge and practices score.

4 To determine the correlation between the pre test knowledge and practices score regarding cannulation among student nurses.

5 To find out an association between the pre test knowledge score regarding cannulation among student nurses with their socio-demographical variables.

6 To find out an association between the pre test practices score regarding cannulation among student nurses with their socio demographical variables.

HYPOTHESES:

1. H₁: The mean post-test knowledge scores of student nurses regarding cannulation who have exposed to planned teaching programme (PTP) will be significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge scores at 0.05 level of significance.

2. H₂: The mean post-test practice scores of student nurses regarding cannulation who have exposed to planned teaching programme (PTP) will be significantly higher than the mean pre test practice scores at 0.05 level of significance.

3. H₃: There will be a correlation between pre-test knowledge and practice scores of student nurses regarding cannulation at 0.05 level of significance.

4. H₄: There will be an association between pre test knowledge scores of student nurses Regarding cannulation with their selected socio demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance.

5. H₅: There will be an association between pre test practices scores of student nurses Regarding cannulation with their selected socio demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance.

METHODOLOGY:

A pre-experimental with one group pre test and post test design and quantitative approach was selected to carry out the study. The study population comprised of all student nurses studying at Ganga Sheel School of Nursing at Bareilly. The sample size for study was 30 student Nurses. Non probability, purposive sampling technique was used for selecting sample of the study. The tools used for study were: (i) structure questionnaire to assess the knowledge and practice regarding cannulation. Section I was socio demographic variables, section II was structure knowledge questionnaire regarding cannulation and section III was structure knowledge based practice questionnaire regarding cannulation. (ii) Planned teaching programme regarding cannulation.

RESULT:

Table: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of student Nurses according to socio-demographic variables.

Sl. No

Demographic variables

Frequency

(f)

Percentage

(%)

Age(in yrs)

a) a) 18-20 yrs

b) b) 21-23 yrs

c) c) 23 and above

73.33

16.66

Gender

a) Male

b) Female

16.66

83.33

Student’s course

a) GNM

b) B.Sc.Nursing

63.33

36.66

Place of residence

a) Urban

b) Rural

Have you Undergone Teaching program cannulation .

a) Yes

b) No

26.66

73.33

Have you ever done Cannula insertion?

a) Yes

b) No

43.33

56.66

Graph-1: Pie graphshowing percentage distribution of student nurses according to their age.

Graph: 2 Column graph showing percentage distribution of student nurses according to their professional education status.

The overall pre-test knowledge scores of the student nurses revealed that majority of student nurses 16 (53.3%) had average knowledge, 07 (23.33%) had good knowledge and 07 (23.33%) had poor knowledge. Whereas in the post test, all of them 28 (93.3%) had good knowledge, 02 (6.66%) had average knowledge.

The overall pre-test practice scores of the student nurses revealed that a majority of nurses 15 (50%) had an average practice, 08 (26.66%) had good practice and 07 (23.33%) had poor practice. Whereas in the post test majority of the student nurses 29(96.66%) of them had good practice, 01 (3.33%) had average practice.

There was a significant gain in knowledge score of 32.44% among the student nurses who were exposed to the planned teaching programme. The paired ‘t’ value (t_{cal =}27.22%) was greater than the tabulated value (t_tab2.05). There was a significant gain in practice score of 31.56% among the student nurses who were exposed to the planned teaching programme. The paired ‘t’ value (t_{cal =}12.12%) was greater than the tabulated value (t_tab =2.05).

There was positive correlation between knowledge and practice r=0.95 respectively based on Pearson’s correlation computed value between knowledge and practice.

The calculated chi-square value for knowledge and practice scores with selected socio-demographic variables revealed that there was no statistical association.

Graph: 3 percentage distribution of student nurses according their level of pre test and post test knowledge scores

Graph: 4 percentage distribution of student nurses according their level of pre test and post test practice scores.

DISCUSSION:

The discussion is based on the data procured from the study” assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding cannulation among student nurses.

Maximum student nurses i.e. 22 (73.33%) belonged to an age group of 18-20yrs, maximum student nurses i.e. 25 (83.33%) were females, maximum student nurses 19 (63.33%) were in GNM , maximum student nurses 22 (73.33%) have not undergone teaching program regarding cannulation, majority of the nurses 17 (56.66.33%) have not been inserted cannula.

The calculated value of paired‘t’ value (t _cal=27.22) was greater than the tabulated value (t _tab=2.02). This indicates that the gain in knowledge score was statistically significant at p< 0.05 levels. The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (t _cal=12.12) was greater than the tabulated value (t _tab=2.02). This indicates that the gain in practice score is statistically significant at p< 0.05 levels.

The Karl Pearson’s correlation value computed between knowledge and practice scores of student nurses ‘r’ was 0.95.This indicates the existence of positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores.

The calculated chi-square value for knowledge and practice scores with selected socio-demographic variables revealed that there was no statistical association.

CONCLUSION:

The study findings concluded that the planned teaching programme on cannulation was effective in improving and acquainting to the current knowledge of student nurses as evidenced by gain in post test knowledge and practice scores of student nurses regarding canulation.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Keeping in view regarding findings of the present study, the following recommendations were made:

1. A similar study can be conducted on a larger and wider sample for a longer period of time would be more pertinent in making broad generalizations.

2. A comparative study can be done between educational institute and health care institute nurses regarding cannulation.

3. A descriptive study can be conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cannulation among student nurses.

4. An experimental study regarding bundle care strategies in the prevention of infection and complications related problems due to using of improper cannulation technique can be undertaken among student nurses.

5. A comparative study can be conducted regarding effectiveness of a planned teaching programme and self instruction a module on cannulation.

REFERENCES:

1. National peripheral intravenous cannulation programs. Office of nursing service director. http://docs.google.com

2. An education and training competence framework for peripheral venous cannulation in children and young people. Royal College of Nursing. http://www.rcn.org.uk

3. Smith S.E .What is intravenous cannulation, 09 September 2010. http://www.wisegeek.com

4. Roisin Fitzsimon S. Paediatric Accident & Emergency. University Hospital, Lewisham. April 2001; 13 (3).

5. Lerma, Ung, Lerma, Cook, Sara, Edwards, et al. Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Nursing: Performance Predictors. Journal of Infusion Nursing. Australia. May/June 2002; 25 (3): 189-195.

Received on 07.04.2017 Modified on 11.07.2017

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2018; 6(3): 223-226.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2018.00049.5