A Quasi Experimental Study to assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge and Attitude regarding Organ Donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing Students of Selected nursing Colleges of district Mohali, Punjab

 

Anju Verma, Rashmi Choudhary, Poonam Sharma

 Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Mohali

*Corresponding Author E-mail: anjuverma23.av@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

Organ donation is a noble act in which the body organs are transferred from one body to another. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students of selected nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab. A quantitative research approach with non randomized control group design was adopted for the study. 180 students were selected through convenient sampling technique (90 in experimental and 90 control group). Result showed that 71.2% students were having average knowledge in pre test and 65.6% were having good knowledge in post test among experimental group, in control group 95.5% and 93.3% students were having average knowledge in pre test and post test respectively. 63.3% students were having neutral attitude in pre test and 52.3% students were having positive attitude in post test in experimental group. Moreover, in control group, majority of the students were having neutral attitude in both pre test (54.5%) and post test (54.5%). Study concluded that planned teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge and changing attitude score positively of students in experimental group regarding organ donation. There was weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation when calculated by Karl Pearson Correlation formula (r=0.278). There was significant association of pre test level of knowledge regarding organ donation with mother’s occupation. There was significant association of pre test level of attitude with religion, father’s occupation and mother’s occupation.

 

KEYWORDS: Knowledge, Attitude, Organ donation, nursing students, planned teaching program

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Organ donation is defined as “the removal of the tissues or organs of the human body from a cadaver or from a living donor, for the purpose of transplantation or grafting them into other persons”1. Organ donation is boon to medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of those who have died otherwise. Donated organs may be preserved or immediately used for transplantation.2

 

 

 

In India, congress passed a legislation called The Human Organ Transplantation Act (THO) in July 1994 which prohibited the sale of organs and tissues.3 In India since the law was passed in 1994, it have been managed to do over 900 organs like kidneys, heart, liver, lungs and pancreas transplants. Approximately 25,000 transplants of various organs are undertaken every year and approximately 85% of organs come from brain death or cadaver patients.4 Prior to the human organ transplantation act, it was legal in all states of India to purchase and merchandise organs, eliminating the opportunity for black markets created by the enormous demand for organs.5

 

Moreover, there is superstition among people that by donating organs, they will born deformed and disfigured in their next birth6 and worries about the correct time of death, previously unknown wishes about donation and emotional exaggeration are key factors leading grater difficulties of donor families to make decision.7 Another factor that leads to shortage of organ donation is improper or incomplete knowledge of people in donating their organ.8

 

Urgent action is required on several fronts if the acute shortage of human organs in India has to be met. Awareness should be increased about the benefits of organ donation through the means of mass communication and superstitions among people should be fought by the way of religious injunction.1

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.      To assess the pre test level of knowledge regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students in experimental and control group.

2.      To assess the pre test level of attitude regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students in experimental and control group.

3.      To develop and administer planned teaching program regarding organ donation among experimental group of Basic B.Sc. Nursing students.

4.      To assess the post test level of knowledge regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students in experimental and control group.

5.      To assess the post test level of attitude regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students in experimental and control group.

6.      To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students in experimental group.

7.      To correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students.

8.      To associate the findings related to knowledge and attitude with selected socio-demographic variables.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

A quantitative research approach was adopted for the study with non randomized control group research design to achieve the objectives of the study. The study was conducted in Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Mohali and Guru Harkrishan Sahib College of Nursing, Sohana. Sample for the present study consisted of 180 nursing students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Convenient sampling technique was used to draw sample from the target population. Research variables: Planned teaching program, Knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding organ donation. Extraneous variables: Age, gender, educational status, area of residence, type of family, religion, father’s education, mother’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, previous source of information and history of organ donation in family.

 

Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria of present study were nursing students who were:

·        Studying in Basic B.Sc. Nursing 3rd and 4th year.

·        Gave written informed consent.

 

Exclusion Criteria:

Exclusion Criteria for the study was

·        Not available at the time of data collection.

 

 

RESULTS:

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of Basic B.Sc. Nursing students according to their socio-demographic variables N= 180

Sr. no

Socio-demographic variables

Experimental group

Control group

ᵡ2, df, p-value

f

%

f

%

1.

Age (in years)

 

 

 

20

18

20

27

30.0

7.53, 3, 0.056NS

 

21

52

57.8

37

41.1

 

22

20

22.2

23

25.6

 

23

0

0

3

3.3

2.

Gender

 

 

Male

0

0

0

0

 

 

Female

90

100

90

100

3.

Educational status

 

 

 

B.Sc. 3rd year

49

54.4

45

50

0.35, 1, 0.554NS

 

B.Sc. 4th year

41

45.6

45

50

4.

Religion

 

 

 

Hindu

27

30

44

48.9

8.43, 3, 0.037*

 

Muslim

4

4.4

1

1.1

 

Sikh

58

64.4

43

47.8

 

Christian

1

1.1

2

2.2

 

5.

Type of family

 

 

Nuclear

58

64.4

47

52.2

2.76, 1, 0.096NS

 

Joint

32

35.6

43

47.8

6.

Area of residence

 

 

Rural

54

60

47

52.2

1.10, 1, 0.294NS

 

Urban

36

40

43

47.8

7.

Father’s education

 

 

Primary

7

7.8

7

7.8

0.59, 3,

0.89NS

 

Secondary

29

32.2

29

32.2

 

Senior secondary

29

32.2

25

27.8

 

Graduation and above

25

27.8

29

32.2

8.

Mother’s education

 

 

Primary

7

7.8

16

17.8

6.35, 3, 0.095NS

 

Secondary

32

35.6

37

41.1

 

Senior secondary

33

36.7

22

24.4

 

Graduation and above

18

20

15

16.7

9.

Father’s occupation

 

 

 

Unemployed

0

0

5

5.6

8.76, 3, 0.032*

 

Self employed

69

76.7

60

66.7

 

Medical personnel

10

11.1

6

6.7

 

Non-medical personnel

11

12.2

19

21.1

10.

Mother’s occupation

 

 

Home maker

63

70

70

77.8

 

4.47, 3, 0.215NS

 

Self employed

11

12.2

11

12.2

 

Medical personnel

12

13.3

4

4.4

 

Non-medical personnel

4

4.4

5

5.6

11.

Previous source of information

 

 

None

12

13.3

24

26.7

7.44, 3, 0.059NS

 

 

Family and friends

10

11.1

12

13.3

 

Health personnel

28

31.1

20

22.2

 

Mass media

36

40

33

36.7

 

Seminar or workshop attended

4

4.4

1

1.1

 

12.

Previous history of organ donation in family

 

 

Yes

7

7.8

6

6.7

71.97, 1, 0.0001*

 

No

83

92.2

84

93.3

NS= Non Significant *Significant at p<0.05level

 

TABLE 2:- Comparison of pre test and post test level of knowledge regarding organ donation of experimental and control group N=180

 

Level of knowledge

Experimental group ne = 90

Control group nc = 90

Pre test

Post test

Pre test

Post test

f1

%

f2

%

f1

%

f2

%

Poor

11

12.2

0

0

3

3.3

4

4.4

Average

64

71.2

31

34.4

86

95.5

84

93.3

Good

15

16.6

59

65.6

1

1.2

2

2.3

 

TABLE 3:- Comparison of pre test and post test level of attitude regarding organ donation of experimental and control group N=180

 

Attitude

Experimental group ne = 90

Control group nc = 90

Pre test

Post test

Pre test

Post test

f1

%

f2

%

f1

%

f2

%

Negative

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Neutral

57

63.3

43

47.7

49

54.5

49

54.5

Positive

33

36.7

47

52.3

41

45.5

41

45.5

 

 

TABLE 4:- Effectiveness of planned teaching program on level of knowledge between pre test and post test of experimental and control group regarding organ donation. N= 180

Group

Test

Mean

Median

S.D

Paired t test, p value

Experimental group

Pre test

17.44

17

5.02

 

-17.53, 0.000*

Post test

23.80

24

2.94

Control group

Pre test

16.24

16.5

3.38

 

-1.305, 0.195NS

Post test

16.32

17

3.40

NS: Non-significant * Significant at p<0.05 level

TABLE 5:- Effectiveness of planned teaching program on level of attitude between pre test and post test of experimental and control group regarding organ donation. N=180

Group

Test

Mean

Median

S.D

Paired t test, p value

Experimental group

Pre test

71.03

69

8.33

-13.99, 0.000*

Post test

75.05

74.5

7.17

Control group

Pre test

73.27

72.5

8.13

1.311, .193NS

Post test

73.15

72.5

8.35

NS: Non-significant *Significant at p<0.05 level

 

TABLE 6:- Effectiveness of planned teaching program on level of knowledge among experimental and control group during pre test and post test regarding organ donation. N= 180

Test

Group

Mean

Median

S.D

Unpaired t test, p value

Pre test

Experimental group

17.44

17

5.02

 

1.879, 0.062NS

Control group

16.24

16.5

3.38

Post test

Experimental group

23.8

24

2.94

 

15.774, 0.000*

Control group

16.32

17

3.40

NS = Non Significant * Significant p<0.05 level

 

TABLE 7:- Effectiveness of planned teaching program on level of attitude among experimental and control group during pre test and post test regarding organ donation.N=180

Test

Group

Mean

Median

S.D

Unpaired t test, p value

Pre test

Experimental group

71.03

69

8.33

 

1.828 , 0.069NS

Control group

73.27

72.5

8.13

Post test

Experimental group

75.05

74.5

7.177

 

1.637, 0.103NS

Control group

73.27

72.5

8.35

NS = Non Significant * Significant p<0.05 level

 

Table 1 depicts that chi square was used to check the homogeneity of experimental and control group. It was found that experimental and control group were homogeneous in regard to socio-demographic variables like age, educational status, type of family, area of residence, father’s education, mother’s education, mother’s occupation and previous source of information regarding organ donation.

 

Table 2 shows that in experimental group majority of the students were having average knowledge in pre test and good knowledge in post test. But in control group, majority of students were having average knowledge in both pre test and post test.

 

Table 3 shows that in experimental group, majority of the students i.e. 57 (63.3%) have neutral attitude in pre test and positive attitude was found among 47 (52.3%) students in post test. Moreover, in control group, majority of the students have neutral attitude in both pre test (54.5%) and post test (54.5%).

 

 

Table 4 shows that there was significant difference in mean of knowledge score in pre test and post test of experimental group when calculated by paired ‘t’ test. Whereas there was no significant difference in mean of knowledge score in pre test and post test of control group. These findings suggest that hypothesis (H1) is accepted which states that there will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding organ donation among experimental group. Hence, it is concluded that planned teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge score of experimental group.

 

Table 5 shows that there was significant difference between mean of attitude score in pre test and post test of experimental group when calculated by paired ‘t’ test whereas in control group there was no significant difference between mean of attitude score in pre test and post test. These findings accept the hypothesis (H2) which states that there will be significant difference between pre test and post test attitude scores regarding organ donation among experimental group. Hence, it was concluded that planned teaching program was effective in changing attitude score positively of the students in experimental group regarding organ donation.

 

Table 6 shows that there was significant difference in mean of knowledge score among experimental and control group during post test when calculated by unpaired ‘t’ test. Hence it accepts the hypothesis (H3) which states that there will be a significant difference between post test knowledge scores among experimental and control group.

 

Table 7 shows that there is no significant difference between mean of attitude score between experimental and control group in both pre test and post test level of attitude. Hence it rejects the H4 which states that there will be a significant difference between post test attitude scores among experimental and control group.

 

 

Table 8: Correlation between pre test level of knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation N = 180

Research variable

Mean

Standard Deviation

Karl Pearson correlation

Inference

Knowledge

16.84

4.31

0.278

Weak positive correlation

Attitude

72.15

8.28

p value<0.05 level

 

Table 8 shows weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation when calculated by using Karl Pearson correlation formula (r = 0.278). Hence it accepts the H5 which states that there will be a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students.

 

CONCLUSION:

From the findings of present study following conclusion is drawn:

·        Basic B.Sc. Nursing students were having average knowledge and neutral attitude regarding organ donation during pre test among both experimental and control group.

·        Planned teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge score of students in experimental group regarding organ donation.

·        Planned teaching program was effective in changing the attitude score of the students positively in experimental group regarding organ donation.

·        There was weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation.

·        There was significant association of knowledge regarding organ donation with mother’s occupation.

·        There was significant association of attitude regarding organ donation with religion, father’s occupation and mother’s occupation.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

There was no conflict of interest in the study.

 

SOURCE OF FUNDING:

Self

 

ETHICAL CLEARANCE:

·        Permission from ethical and research committee of Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Mohali was obtained.

·        A formal written permission for conducting research study was obtained from Principal of Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Mohali and Shri. Guru Harkrishan Sahib College of Nursing, Sohana.

·        Written informed consent was taken from the Basic B.Sc. 3rd and 4th year nursing students.

·        All respondents were assured about their confidentiality and anonymity.

 

 

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Chris. Organ donation. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organ_donation.

2.       Santhi S. Organ domestic. 2008 [cited 2010 Sept 4]. Available from http://www.santhimedicolin fo.org/transplant laws

3.       Organ donation and transplantation act. Indian Journal of urology. [Cited 2009 July-sep]; 25(3).

4.       S Sunil. Organ donation and Transplantation-Tribulations and Triumphs-An Indian Perspective. MOHAN foundation. Available from: http://www.mohanfoundation.org/organ-donation-transplantation-transplant-resources/tribulations-triumphs-indian-perspectives.asp

5.       Kennedy K. Organ donation and transplantation. Journal of social distress and the homeless. 2006; 10(11):41-67. Available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013332105491

6.       Kumar V. Need to- dispel myths, misconceptions, and superstitions. Indian journal of urology. [Cited 2015]. Available at http://www.pib.nic.in/newssite/print release.aspx

7.       Glhorbani F, Khoeldami V, Ghobadi O, Shafaghi S, Louyeh AR, Najafizadeh. Causes of family refusal for organ donation. Transplantation proceedings. 2009; 43(11).

8.       Goila AK. Laws and legislation of organ donation; 2009 [cited on 2009 Jan]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 07.10.2017       Modified on 11.09.2017

Accepted on 28.12.2017       ©A&V Publications All right reserved

Int.  J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2018; 6(2): 152-156.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2018.00036.7